Mall Of America Essays (250 words) - The Mall Luton, Mall Of America

Shopping center Of America David Gutersons account about the Mall of America dives into a few aspects that are inserted all through the shopping center both genuinely and intellectually. A striking depiction about the shopping centers inside plan causes the crowd to feel like they have visited the shopping center. Guterson additionally expounds on how individuals, independently and as a general public, are affected mentally by this pseudo-city. The greatness of the shopping center is, undoubtedly, best in class. Customers are attracted to visit on account of all the cutting edge ruffles contained inside. An amusement park, arcade, many shops, and diners are the staples of the shopping center, however the nurseries, blossoms, and trees characterize the shopping center just like the most elite. The environment made by consolidating Mother Earth with twentieth century innovation makes a specific persona to the shopping center and gives the customer a truly agreeable spot to go through the day or perhaps days. In evident American nature, record measures of cash were spent on building the shopping center, and a few laborers utilized by the shopping center are or were come up short on. Be that as it may, Americans hunger for a spot they can go to escape from their regular issues. Our inclination is to be materialistic on occasion, and I truly don't see a significant issue with entertaining ourselves once in a while, however I discover an issue when material things are utilized to decide achievement, force, and self-esteem. The Mall of America genuinely speaks to America as a general public yet not as people. Human science

The Development of Unreal Tournament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Development of Unreal Tournament - Essay Example Be that as it may, the most recent portion in the arrangement, the Unreal Tournament III, has a solitary player battle. The story in Unreal Tournament III is incredibly straightforward and the interactivity isn't actually novel. It has precisely the same game sorts in single player as it has in multiplayer. The main genuine contrast being, the entirety of the rivals are bots, or PC controlled man-made reasoning (AI). Be that as it may, I for one believe that the single-player crusade is the main negative part of â€Å"The Unreal Tournament†. Without a doubt, Unreal Tournament’s greatest selling point is the online multiplayer experience. There are more than a large number of servers to play on and considerably increasingly various sorts of interactivity (regularly client made) and it’s totally for nothing out of pocket. The special thing about playing on the web is that PC clients and those with a PS3 have the choice of either playing together or against one another in a similar game. This expands the all out number of players on the web and guarantees that you will experience no difficulty discovering individuals to play any game sort. The game backings all the ordinary and normal multiplayer highlights, for example, talk and voice visit. The designs are essentially a major improvement contrasted and the illustrations of the past portions in the arrangement. The game couldnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t conceivably look any increasingly reasonable and genuine. Everything from the dividers to the static lattices, to the flotsam and jetsam and even the water, looks sufficiently genuine to contact in Unreal Tournament III. The improved designs can even make simply watching this game fun, and considerably increasingly agreeable to play. The Unreal Engine is an incredible bit of the product application that is coupled along with the vast majority of the games made by the organization EPIC. It is a fundamental device programming that the organization uses to deliver the games they have sold previously or are being sold by and by in the market.

Best of Book Riot Ode to Enthusiasm

Best of Book Riot Ode to Enthusiasm To celebrate the end of the year, were running some of our favorite posts from the last six months. Well be back with all-new stuff on January 7th. ____________________________ This will come as no shock to the people who know me people who have seen me dance for joy over a roast dinner, people who have watched me literally vibrate with excitement over the release of an anticipated book or movie or nail polish colour, people who have witnessed me genuinely squealing at the discovery of a new word to play with but I am an enthusiastic person. You know how Muppets flail their arms in excitement? I have done that over a carton of chocolate milk. (It was seriously the best chocolate milk Id ever had. Organic, made with cocoa. Youd die.) Life is fucking rad, guys. Like it really, really is. I used to be a too-cool-for-school cynic, but life was so boring. Because you can always find the mediocre and make fun of it. Finding the really great is a lot more challenging, and telling people about it is a lot more fun. Never before has it occurred to me that my enthusiasm suggested a lack of capacity for critical thought. But yesterday, fellow Rioter Jodi wrote  a piece about what she perceived as misplaced enthusiasm that rubbed me all kinds of the wrong way. So heres my enthusiastic, slightly crotchety response. I think Jodi misses two things: 1. Just because I only talk about things I am enthusiastic about does not mean I am enthusiastic about all things. 2. Sometimes it just feels like life is too short to spend my downtime thinking about things that dont delight me. I shall address these points enthusiastically in turn. First, I really like talking about things that have moved me, stunned me, amazed me, made me leap for joy. Not everything does. I dont blog about every book I read. I blog about the books I cant not talk about. The books that make me want you to have the same experience I did. The books that turn my world upside down. The books that make me laugh. I dont blog about forgettable books because that seems like a fantastic waste of my time. You know, theres a lot of stuff on the internet. There are a lot of very ranty book blogs out there. Book blogs that focus on the negative. Book blogs that make me think, No, but seriously, do you even like books? And I dont seek those blogs out to read very often. Im much more interested in being pointed, and in turn pointing you, in the direction of good stuff. (Like right now, Im reading Ed Riches EASY TO LIKE, and its a really charming read a funny cultural satire I would recommend to lovers of wine and cinema and the CBC. I could tell you about the book I read on the plane that kind of bored me silly, but I dont want to spend energy on that book. Its not fun to me.) Which leads me to point two: blogging is a thing I do for fun. I loves ya, Book Riot, but you dont pay the bills, so I better enjoy the time I spend with you. And I do, because I choose to talk about things that delight me. In my day job, I write literary criticism and read undergraduate essays. Trust me, I get umpteen chances every day to think critically and reconstruct the literary world for the better (ha!). In my downtime, I want to read and discuss awesome things. Because heres the reality: telling you about a book that made me happy, and finding out it made you happy? That makes me happy all over again. And thats amazing. Amazing. I could tell you about all the books I read with problematic plot structure and bland description, but Id rather just not talk about those books at all. I want to focus on the good. I read freshman composition papers for a living.  For gods sake, leave me a moment in the day to focus on the good. So if this is the way you read enthusiasm The only thing more annoying than people who hate everything are people that love everything. As a reader, hearing how much someone loves every book they read tells me nothing about the book. It does tell me a lot about the enthusiast. It tells me they can’t think critically, are afraid to offer up a real opinion, or they don’t know how to form a cogent argument about a book. you may want to do some critical thinking about it.

Should Transgenders Attend Womens Colleges - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1117 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Transgender Essay Did you like this example? Historically women were excluded from higher education, but in the mid-19th-century womens colleges were founded in order to give women access to higher education. For many years high school girls have not been interested in attending an all-female institution which has lead to a major decrease in admissions at many womens colleges, both public and elite causing many of them to close their doors. Originally there were over 300 womens colleges; today there are only forty-four active womens colleges left in the United States. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Should Transgenders Attend Womens Colleges" essay for you Create order Seven of those forty-four institutions are recognized as the seven sisters colleges. The elite womens colleges that make up the seven sisters are; Barnard, Bryn Mawr, Mount Holyoke, Radcliffe (now merged with Harvard), Smith, Vassar, and Wellesley. Five out of the seven sisters colleges are still providing an all-female education, while the other two transitioned into coeducational institutions. These surviving womens colleges focus on creating positive environments for women, while the womens colleges that turned coed reverted to traditional gender roles despite their women heritage. Opponents of single-sex education suggest that womens colleges were established to provide options at a time when women were denied access to quality higher education, and question the need for womens colleges today now that women can enjoy access to higher education institutions. There should be no transgender women students admitted to womens colleges because it would take away from the single-sex edu cation, create extra accommodations, and men would be favored over women. Transgender women should not be admitted to womens colleges because it would take away from the single-sex education learning experience. According to recent studies (AAUW, 1992; LaFrance, 1991; Sadker Sadker, 1994), from elementary school on female students are ignored and treated very differently compared to the male students. Women college students experienced an uncomfortable environment in the classroom. Receiving less attention and less encouragement to exceed a professors expectations than male students. In addition, faculty members of both genders had made more eye contact with male students, as well as gave them longer response time to questions while women are more likely to be interrupted. Though transgender women do not identify as male they still are not female. Womens colleges provide a large focus on teaching that is accustomed to the female gender rather than those who just identify to be female. There are many differences between the male and female body beyond just the physical aspects. Professors at womens colleges are trained to teach females with the understanding that they see, hear and respond to different learning styles than males. A females sense of smell can be 100,000 times more sensitive than a male; females also have more sensitive hearing. This does not mean one sex is smarter than the other they both just need different accommodations in order to have the best educational experience possible. For example, a male may be labeled as a slow learner but really what they need is for their teacher to speak louder in the classroom. The differences between genders grow stronger as a person gets older. Admitting transgender students to womens colleges would not only be unbeneficial for all of the women at the institution but it also would be unbeneficial to the transgender students because the teaching is not being structured to their gender type which would result in a poor learning environment for them. Transgender women should not be admitted to womens colleges because it would create extra accommodations for the institution. Though some transgender women have had sex reassignment surgery, many transgender applicants to womens colleges will not have had the surgery done. Changing gender on government-issued documents can be a difficult and lengthy process. Some states require proof that sex reassignment surgery has been performed, but most doctors will not even perform that surgery on anyone under the age of 18. If womens colleges were to admit transgender women then they would have to make some larger changes in areas such as housing and bathrooms, and possibly in the curriculum for a small number of students. Other than the seven sisters colleges many other womens colleges are financially unstable, so building new housing and restrooms for a small population would not be helping their financial situation. Recently Spelman College, an all-female institution announced that they would be accepting transgender women in the 2018-2019 academic year. Spelman decided to do this in order to be more LQBTQ inclusive, but it will not be a simple transition and many accommodations will need to be made. Spelman says that they will be changing their class syllabi to include declarations of being an open environment, as well as offering classes that avoid the use of heteronormative language, including in assignments and tests. Faculty members will also be required to post a sign on their office doors to welcome LGBTQ students. In conclusion, a womens institution can not just simply accept transgender woman students without making these accommodations, and in the end, admitting them to the school is not g oing to make a big enough financial return for the college. Transgender women should not be admitted to womens colleges because then men would be favored over women. The original reason why womens colleges were created was to provide quality higher education to women at times when it was not accessible otherwise. Now that times have changed women have the opportunity to attend many different types of higher education, but for some young women being in the environment provided at a womens colleges is what is needed for her success. Allowing transgender women to attend womens colleges takes away an opportunity for a female to go there, and creates an untenable situation for schools. The vice president for enrollment at Smith College, Audrey Smith, told New York Times, I dont want to get to a point where we have a row of guys in the back of the class with baseball caps on. But this is what these schools would have in the form of transgender women. In conclusion, transgender women shouldnt be admitted to womens colleges because it would take away from single-sex education, create extra accommodations, and men would be favored over women. Womens colleges are unique and special institutions designed specifically for young women to excel. Admitting transgenders even if they do identify as a woman still takes away the sole purpose of these colleges. Maybe there should be a college created specifically for transgenders where they can have a place to express themselves. The teaching style at a womens college is not meant for the male gender, and although a transgender woman student may identify as a woman they still are they male gender even if they did undergo sex reassignment surgery because the male and female body develops differently.

English Essay Electronics in Society - 810 Words

In today’s society, electronics are what our lives are controlled by and based on. Without electronics, our lives would be at a standstill and nothing would get done fast enough. Almost everyone one owns some type of electronic in order to make their lives easier, regardless of the negative affects it can have on society. With all the positive and negative uses of electronics, the younger generation still needs to be monitored on how they use these electronics. Parents should supervise their children’s use of electronics and know what they are doing on these high tech gadgets. Parents staying focused on monitoring their children will allow children to stay more social, less violent and stay more active in today’s society. Children who†¦show more content†¦Violent video games contain blood, fighting and even killing and children that are exposed to this environment daily will think that violence is accepted and a part of everyday life. They need to disti nguish what is reality and what is fantasy or else they can become confused on how to handle certain situations. Locks and parental settings can help monitor what your children are viewing and even prevent them from viewing certain material but it is hard to watch every little thing they are viewing. With parents monitoring what their children are viewing and playing, they can set time limits on how long a child uses a device. Children are spending more and more time in front of a screen than experiencing the world first hand. Almost everyone has access to a television or computer and would rather be on these electronics than out doing the actual activities. The video game Wii Fit is a game where you do exercises by watching the television in order to get into shape, instead of the individual getting out and going to the gym. Children are playing sports video games instead of picking up a ball and going outside to play with friends. Children lose out on an active life style if they spend too much time in front of screen. Sitting on a couch all day in front of a screen is not healthy, if children don’t stay active and doShow MoreRelatedEssay about Writing in Electrical Engineering738 Words   |  3 Pageshas one of the top 5 engineering colleges in the entire country and problems were solved! With a fascination of electronics and a steady hold on math, I decided that Electrical Engineering was the choice for me. However, after completing my first semester and gaining a greater knowledge on what Electrical Engineering is all about, I have a greater understanding of how important English and writing really are in this profession. 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Essay on Organizational Culture †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................................................3 â… ¡. Metaphor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................................................................................6 â… ¢. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................................Read MoreWays in which Lifelong Learning can Contribute towards the New Global Culture and New Knowledge Society1141 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: In this essay, ways in which lifelong learning can contribute towards the new global culture and new knowledge society, facts about lifelong learning and how the educator deals with the learners will be discussed. What is learning? Learning is defined as obtaining a new ability or knowledge. For example: leaning to ride a bike, learning to walk, learning a new language, and so on. What is lifelong learning? According to the English dictionary, lifelong learning is the â€Å"use of both

Role of agriculture Free Essays

Agriculture is the dominant activity of poor countries such as Zimbabwe, which enhance our understanding of the dualistic. In the amplification of agriculture in economic development, a leading question is how agriculture contributes to economic growth and there seems to be a paradox in the role of agriculture in economic development. A well- known economist Simon Kuznets played an imperative role in coming up with the roles of agriculture to economic development; these embrace labour contribution, foreign exchange contribution and the market contribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of agriculture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The agricultural sector has preserved its position in the contribution to Zimbabwe’s economic growth as seen by its appreciable contribution to the national Gross Domestic Product. For example, it has been eminent that the agricultural sector has made a convincing contribution to the national fiscus which was disturbed by unreliable rainfall patterns which hit some parts of the country in the last season. Also, agriculture has maintained pole position in terms of its input to economy’s growth, having contributed 33, 9 per cent to the country’s Gross Domestic Product in year 2010. Labour contribution, as one of the major macro-economic objectives of any government to diminish unemployment, agriculture plays a trivial role in economic development through the transfer of labour from the agricultural sector to other sectors of the economy, particularly to the industrial sector. In Zimbabwe agricultural sector stipulates income and employment not far from 60% to 70% of the total population, consequently agriculture is indeed an economy’s beef in Zimbabwe. Simon Kuznets also emphasized that the marginal productivity of labour is zero or close to zero, which means that when the marginal productivity of labour is zero, we can use the available labour that is from agricultural sector without affecting other sectors of the economy, which then advantage the economy as a whole. Foreign exchange contribution, despite the statistic that Zimbabwe is currently using the multicurrency system, therefore it still demands foreign currency in-order to import capital from other countries. The exportation of agricultural merchandises can resource the economy with foreign exchange for purchase of capital goods. In Zimbabwe most of our export earnings emanate from the agricultural sector with an input of about 40% of our total export earnings. The major contributors to the agricultural sector in Zimbabwe’s export are cash-crops such as tobacco and cotton, though cotton was not selling for this year’s harvest. Industrialization contribution, a large and cumulative segment of economic growth during the process of development can be qualified to agriculture’s contribution to agribusiness. These undertakings of the agricultural sector provision the production, marketing and retailing of foodstuff, clothing, beverages and other associated goods for both domestic consumption and exports. According to Davis and Goldberg (1957), thus primary agriculture grows and evolves, reflecting agribusinesses, while agribusinesses grow and evolve reflecting primary agriculture. Also provision of raw materials to industries by the agricultural sector moderates the rate of imports of a country, thus may as a result lead to balance of payment surplus of a country. In addition this diminishes the overall production costs of a firm as a result fair and affordable prices are charged, thereby increasing the demand for that particular product which will enforce producers to increase their level of output so as to meet the current demand, hence economic growth. Food contribution, since food is a fundamental wage good in a developing economy, diversification of the economy is therefore contingent upon domestic food producers producing a surplus, in excess of their own subsistence, which is large enough to feed a growing number of non-food producers. The agricultural sector factors in with a pivotal role in the supply of raw material to the food producers of the economy. Market contribution, the agricultural sector, because of its sheer size, must initially be the major market for domestic industrial products. Farmers’ expenditures on industrial goods that are both consumer goods and producer goods, represent one aspect of agriculture’s market contribution to general economic development. According to Milton and Luther (1964), as farmers’ purchases of industrial goods have their counterpart in inter-sectorial sales of agricultural goods; the agricultural sector’s market contribution also includes the sale of food or other farm products to the non-agricultural sector, being accelerated by the adoption of new agricultural technology. The role of production linkages to the process of industrialization. Production linkages channels the effect of an autonomous increase in final demand of the product for the given industry, not only on the output of that industry and the industry supplying it with inputs, but also on output of other industry supplying the second industry with inputs. Production linkages can be, backward or forward linkages. In general, production linkages quantify how several industries are connected together. Where poverty is a substantially rural phenomenon, which appears to be the case in most low-income countries, industrialization factors through raw materials to agro-processing industries for example food processing industries and textile. According to Alderman(1984),agro-processing industry can be defined, â€Å"as a subgroup of the manufacturing sector that processes raw materials and intermediary products derived from the agricultural sector†, for example forestry and agricultural crops. The founding of certain primary processing industries can lead to forward linkages, which is the ratio of intermediate output sales to other industries to a production sector of industry to the total value of sales to a final consumer. Backward linkages, measure the ratio of intermediate input purchases from other industries in that industry to the total value of the total production output. For example the metals and electrical sector provides a solid backward linkage to agricultural, mining and construction sectors, thereby increasing the overall output of a country and as a result this will increase the country’s Gross Domestic Product, consequently economic growth. In conclusion, agriculture is indeed important to economic development and also production linkages to industrialisation play a trivial role. However land reform also plays a crucial role to economic development through promoting equity, employment creation, market surplus and productivity. UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS NAME FARAI MPOFU REG# R117753A COURSE ECON 211 YEAR 2012 QUESTION How would you evaluate internet information sources giving examples. How to cite Role of agriculture, Papers

Compare Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry free essay sample

Europe had alot of cultural diversity. Gothic Architecture and Troubadour poetry can be compared geographically by their first settings; compared artistically by man expressing himself; and culturally contrasted because of associated religion. Both Gothic architecture and Troubador poetry can be compared because of their settings. It can be shown that Gothic Architecture can be compared because gothic cathedrals popped up in France during the Middle Ages. Its further told that Troubadour Poetry can be compared because the Troubadours emerged in southern France, and the poets were in the Middle Ages too. Both Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry can be compared because of man expressing himself. It can be explained that Gothic Architecture can be compared because it was a way to show the power and clarity that the Catholic Church had over its subject with its insane height. This is further argued that troubadour poetry can be compared because it idealized their perception of romantic, courtly love through words. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gothic Architecture was a catholic characteristic. On the other hand, Troubador Poetry was not with the catholic beliefs. The contrast with the Gothic Architecture can be defended because the distinct features of it was on cathedrals . The contrast with Troubadour Poetry is justified because it was from a gnostic christian group, called the Cathars, who rivaled against against and were suppressed by the Catholic Church. The Gothic Architecture and Troubadour Poetry both have the same setting and the need for expression through a medium, but differ in religious association.

All the ACT Idioms You Need Complete List

All the ACT Idioms You Need Complete List SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Idiom questions on the ACT are different from the other grammar questions on the ACT. Why? Idiom questions don’t conform to specific rules. You have to rely on your intuitive grasp of English and your familiarity with certain phrases. Because you’re likely to encounter at least a few idiom questions on the ACT English test, I’ll provide you with some information about idioms that should help you raise your ACT English score. In this post, I’ll do the following: Explain the concept of an idiom. Detail the most common types of idiom questions on the ACT English section. Offer strategies to help you identify and correctly answer idiom questions. Give a thorough list of idioms to help guide your studying. Provide you with ACT English practice questions to test you on what you’ve learned. What Is an Idiom? Idioms are phrases or expressions that do not conform to simple rules. Each idiom, by definition, is unique. Most people think of idioms as expressions that often have figurative meanings different from their literal meanings. Examples of this type of idiom include "actions speak louder than words," "barking up the wrong tree," and "make a long story short." However, the ACT does not test you on these colloquial expressions. ACT English idiom questions will test you on different types of idioms. Idioms have no rules. How Are Idioms Tested on the ACT English Section? While the ACT doesn't test you on the figurative expressions I referenced above, the ACT does test you on two types of idioms: prepositional idioms and idioms with gerunds/infinitives. Prepositional Idioms For prepositional idioms, you must know which prepositions to use with a given word based on the context of the sentence. For example, you should say that you "wonder about" something, not "wonder on" something. You're "suspicious of" something, not "suspicious by" something. There is no rule to determine the correct preposition to use. You must be familiar with the phrase or rely on what you think "sounds right." Here's an example sentence with a prepositional idiom: Unsurprisingly, after Corey decided not to pay back the substantial loan given to him by his best friend, everyone was outraged for Corey’s behavior. This is a typical sentence with an idiom error you may encounter on the ACT. There's no violation of a specific grammar rule in the sentence. However, the phrase "outraged for" is incorrect. The sentence should read: Unsurprisingly, after Corey decided not to pay back the substantial loan given to him by his best friend, everyone was outragedbyCorey’s behavior. The proper expression is "outraged by." There is no rule that allows you to determine the correct idiomatic expression. Familiarity with the given phrases will greatly help you in identifying idiom errors. There's another type of idiom that is commonly tested on the ACT. Idioms with Gerunds or Infinitives Gerunds are verbs that are used as nouns and end in "ing." Examples of gerunds include skipping, talking, and performing. Infinitives are verbs used as nouns and are constructed by using the word "to" plus a verb. Examples of infinitives include to do, to analyze, and to explain. So what are some examples of idioms with gerunds or infinitives? The correct phrase is "capable of being," not "capable to be." The proper idiomatic expression is "regarded asbeing," not "regardedto being." For these types of idioms, you need to know which preposition to use and whether to use a gerund or an infinitive. With some idioms, depending on the context, it's acceptable to use an infinitive or a gerund. Here's an example with the gerund in bold: I neglected doing my homework. The sentence is also correct if you use an infinitive: I neglected to do my homework. While both of those sentences are correct, this is a sentence with an idiom error: Shelby will succeed in to graduate from college. The phrase "succeed in to graduate" is incorrect. Do you know the right idiomatic expression to use? This is the corrected version of the sentence: Shelby will succeed in graduating from college. There's no rule to learn that will indicate that "succeed in graduating" is the correct phrase. Here's one more example of an idiom error: Gina decides leaving the group when we go out. This is how the sentence looks after we fix the idiom error: Gina decides to leave the group when we go out. The infinitive form should be used with the word "decides." Now here are couple of actual idiom questions from real ACTs. Real ACT English Examples Try to answer this idiom question from a real ACT: Explanation: The answer is D. The right idiomatic expression is "sat across from." Here's one more for you: The court agreed with Kevin that a person's right for wearing clothing of his or her own choosing is, in fact, protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. A. NO CHANGE B. of wearing C. to wear D. wearing Explanation: The correct expression is â€Å"right to wear clothing of his or her own choosing." The answer is C. Why Are Idiom Questions Difficult/Easy? Why They're Difficult Idiom questions can be challenging because other grammar questions follow specific rules or patterns that can be applied to all sentences. Idiom questions test your knowledge of specific idiomatic expressions. Literally, there are thousands of idioms. It's not practical to try to remember each one. Furthermore, ESL students are less likely to be able to identify idiom errors. Knowledge of idioms tends to be built throughout a lifetime of exposure to them. Why They're Easy Idiom questions are the only ones where solely relying on what "sounds right" is likely to give you the right answer. These questions do not require you to understand and apply a rule. If you're familiar with the specific idioms that appear on the ACT English section, you can easily spot any idiom errors. ACT English Tips for Idiom Questions #1: If a preposition, gerund, or infinitive is underlined, check for idiom errors. #2: The question may be testing idioms if the answer choices are all prepositions. #3: Keep a list of idioms that appear on your practice tests. #4: Review and familiarize yourself with the list of idioms below. List of ACT Idioms While there are thousands of idioms in the English language, almost all idiom questions I’ve encountered on the ACT involve prepositional idioms or idioms with gerunds/infinitives. I've listed some of the more common prepositional idioms and idioms with gerunds/infinitives to help guide your studying. Idioms that have appeared on questions in the Real ACT Prep Guide (the red book) are listed first. It's not practical for you to memorize every single idiom on this list. There are usually less than a handful of idiom questions on the ACT English section. Spending numerous hours learning hundreds of idioms would not be the best use of your study time. However, I do recommend that you review this list periodically to become more familiar with these phrases. Thinking about proper idiom construction should benefit you when you encounter idiom questions on the ACT. You'll improve your intuitive grasp of idioms and be able to better recognize idiom errors. After trying to learn every idiom This is my extensive list of idioms: IDIOMS FROM REAL ACT PREP GUIDE come to a conclusion come to a halt come to an end earned a living from/by doing in the dusk modeled on principles of such as PREPOSITIONAL IDIOMS About anxious about ask about bring about curious about hear about think about talk about worry about Against adviseagainst argue against count against decide against defend against go against rebel against As celebrate as regard as see as view as At aim at arriveat laugh at look at succeedat By accompanied by amazed by confused by followed by go by impressed by organized by struck by For advocate for ask for blame for famous for known for last for meant for named for necessary for pay for ready for responsible for tolerance for strive for wait for watch for From abstain from different from excuse from far from obvious from protect from Into enter into lookinto inquire into read into In engage in fall in love in Aas inB interested in succeed in take in Study hard! On base on draw on focus on impose on insist on move on prey on rely on Over argue over ruleover talk over thinkover Of approve of capable of certainof characteristic of combination of A and B cure of deprive of die of a fan of in danger of in the hope of in recognition of made up of a model of an offer of on the border of remind of a selection of a source of suspicious of take advantage of an understanding of a wealth of To able to accustomed to adapt to adhere to admit to adjacent to agree to as opposed to belong to central to come to contribute to devoted to in addition to in contrast to listen to object to prefer Ato B partial to reluctant to reply to see to similar to a threat to try to (NOT try and) unique to With agree with bargain with correlate with familiar with identify with in keeping with interfere with sympathize with trust with You can do it! GERUNDS VS. INFINITIVES Verbs Followed by a Gerund accuse of admire for allow appreciate capable of complete concentrate on confess to consider delay describe discourage from discuss dislike effective at enjoy escape finish forbid imagine insist on permit plan on postpone refrain from report resent resume stop tolerate PrepositionsFollowed by a Gerund before after without Verbs Followed by an Infinitive agree attempt choose condescend dare decide deserve encourage expect fail intend love mean neglect offer plan prepare promise refuse scramble seem strive swear tend threaten want Additional ACT English Practice Questions Hooray for making it to this point in the article! I know that was a long list. By now, you should understand the concept of idioms and how idioms are tested on the ACT. I've created some realistic ACT English questions on idioms for you. Consider the proper construction of idiomatic expressions and try to answer these questions without referring to the list above. 1. My parents allow me staying out late because I have earned their trust. A. NO CHANGE B. stayed C. to stay D. is staying 2. Despite his efforts, Gerald is incapable at eating without staining his shirt. A. NO CHANGE B. to eat C. eating D. of eating 3. Even though I tend to not enjoy magic, I was amazed to the trick the illusionist did at the end of his show. A. NO CHANGE B. by C. from D. into 4. Wyeth insisted on watching The O'Reilly Factor every single night. A. NO CHANGE B. insisted by C. insisted in D. insisted to Answers:1. C, 2. D, 3. B, 4. A What's Next? Congratulations on your continued efforts to improve your ACT English score. Make sure you check out this article on the five critical concepts you must understand to ace ACT English. Also, many students fear ACT English questions about commas; you don't have to live in fear. If you're looking for a basic overview of the ACT English section, read about what's actually tested on ACT English. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Hello Mississippi essays

Hello Mississippi essays 1. The development of Muslim authority within India grew out of the demise of the Abbasid Caliphate in Persia. Eastward expansion under the Ghaznavids and the subsequent acquisition of territories in Northern India helped provide a stepping-stone for further insurgencies into the prosperous region of the Deccan and southern India. By way of introducing the Shari Law and many other Turkish administrative customs, the Muslim elite were able to consolidate their foothold in the various regions. Hindu regional elites were appeased and then later taxed under the rule of the Tughluqs. Their role in the localities was therefore central to both the development and the demise of Muslim hegemony in this period. The importation of a wealth of materials and technological advances in the form of horses and various ingenious agricultural inventions also serve to transform the social, political and economical environment in the region. However the very fact that the Hindu peoples made up the superi or portion of the population was systematic in preventing the extension of Muslim rule throughout. The various Hindu regional polities which grew out of the indirect rule of the Sultanates of Delhi and Daulatabad, notably Vijayanagar, underline this factor. The Ghurid acquisition of Ghazni in 1152 marked a marked growth of Muslims eastward expansion. Bringing with them a variety of new trades, (horses, slaves) the Ghurids, notably Ala Udin and Mahmud of Ghori, were able to supplant the local Rajput princes. After a decisive loss at Tarain in 1193 Mahmud of Ghori successfully swept to victory and toward Delhi in 1198. Although Mahmud was not instrumental in bringing about the growth of Delhi, his slave and lieutenant Aibak, quickly asserted himself as the ruling authority. Using a system of superior techniques and the extensive materials at his disposal Aibak was able to consolidate his position. Aibak himself quickly set up an independent stat ...

Acute Pancreatits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acute Pancreatits - Research Paper Example However, a study made by Thisted, et.al ( 2005 ) concluded that statins do not have a causative affect to pancreatitis, in fact â€Å"may even indicate a mild protective effect†. Pancreatitis also affect the young population but mostly caused by genetic disorders. Children can receive the sickness from the following causes: Kawasaki disease (rare disease in children that inflates red blood cells), Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (the body produces toxic substances that destroy red blood cells), Reye Syndrome (Brain damage as well as intestinal malfunctions linked to children who took aspirin to cure chicken pox and related sicknesses), Mumps, abdominal trauma, certain medications, cystic fibrosis (inherited disease; causes thick mucus to clog lungs and the digestive tract), and viruses. People with acute pancreatitis exhibit symptoms that are very evident in the afflicted patient. According to studies made by Praganov and Foramark ( 2006), the most common sign of acute pancreatitis manifested by 95% of the afflicted is pain which radiates from the back to the shoulder blades. Some of the symptoms include jaundice (skin or eyes turn yellow due to bilirubin left by dead red blood cells), fever, sweating, anxiety, abdominal pains, and nausea. Other possible symptoms of the disease are swelling of the abdomen, abdominal indigestion, hiccups, rashes, and gaseousness. However, it is always advisable to consult a physician since other diseases such as Hepatitis and pancreatic cancer can manifest the same symptoms. In succeeding discussions, this report would also discuss the various tests needed by a doctor to correctly diagnose acute pancreatitis. Technically, the pathophysiology of pancreatitis is not fully understood. It is a common clinical condition with varying severity; it can be mild or lethal to the victim. The earliest

Oberservance 234 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oberservance 234 - Essay Example This was an effective strategy because many children did come up to the teacher and sit on her lap. Some children even brought books or toys. Another technique that I saw was giving specific feedback to students who practicing new skills. One older toddler was practicing using a Styrofoam cup in the place of a Sippy cup. The teacher congratulated him on picking his cup up with two hands, but reminded him to drink slower next time. The goal of this method was not only to encourage the child, but to let him know what he was doing right and what he was doing wrong. I believe this was an effective strategy, since the child slowed down and smiled at the teacher. A teacher also showed admiration for a young toddler that had just started jumping. The child was taking great joy in jumping and the teacher commented "That looks like fun, you sure are getting good at jumping." I believe the goal of this method was to encourage the child to continue to develop his new skill. This was an effective strategy because the child jumped at other movement activities throughout the day. I also noticed teachers regularly visit children who were playing individually and invite them to join in on activities or to join other children in centers. The teachers especially did this when they noticed children who looked bored or upset in quiet areas. The goal of this method was to encourage children to play with each other, without forcing them to. I believe this was effective because some of the children decided on their own to join other children at different centers. I saw scaffolding used in the classroom as well. One teacher had been working with a young toddler on his climbing skills. She told me she had worked with him for several weeks on climbing the stairs to the hand washing sink and diapering table. I observed her guide the child to the climbing equipment on the playground when they went outside.

Assessment Interviews in Therapy

Assessment Interviews in Therapy SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT SOPHIA A. JOHNSON 1. Psychologist in Private Practice Client #1, who is a 28 year old, married, father of a 2 year old and a 6 month old infant, has been referred to our private practice by his office’s free counseling resources. He recently lost a job promotion and also feels overwhelmed at home with a new born baby and all the adjustments that comes with a newborn. No longer enjoys hanging out with friends or family, often refuses to get out of bed when he does not have to work. His wife is also finding it hard to get him to participate in the care of their children, he is no longer affectionate and loving as he once was. He is cynical, aggressive and pessimistic about things he would normally see the beauty in. Chief Complaint: I just cant seem to be happy with anything anymore. Im miserable and Im making everybody around me miserable. Assessment will be conducted by our in house psychologist. The contextual considerations that apply to this client is that decision regarding assessment is solely based on the consultation from the psychologist. This may impact the assessment plan as â€Å"the psychologist may question whether the treatment available in the psychological clinic is appropriate† (Groth-Marnat, p. 46), because they may have extensive medical problems, or possible need for inpatient treatment. As a means of getting to know and understand the client outside of regular observation during the initial interview, the psychologist could administer a personality assessment to aid in understanding the whole person, this will also help to identify any other underlying issues if client needs to be referred to another practitioner. One ethical concerns that could relate to the assessment process of this client is the security and usage of the information shared, privacy and confidentiality of data gathered during assessment process. Another ethical concern that may arise is the qualifications of the attending psychologist. According to the (BACB, 2010), â€Å"1.03 one must maintain competence in their area of expertise through professional development† in order to effectively serve and offer services. Client #2: 41 year old, recently divorced female with no children and high school education Chief Complaint: No matter what I do, I cannot relax, I am always stressing out about something. I feel like Im going crazy. Client #2 was referred to the private practice by her general practitioner to consult with our psychologist because her inability to relax has caused her blood pressure to rise and medication does not seem to be having an effect on bringing her numbers down. Changes to her pressure has seemed to increase during her divorce proceedings. She was not previously diagnosed as being hypertensive, however, hypertension does run in her family. Since her divorce she is concern about her financial future and blaming herself for her marriage ending. She has also been evaluation her chose in not returning to school to get a better education, she had hoped to start a family and then return to school after the children themselves had started school. All those dreams now seem so far away and her future looked empty and hopeless, she anxious and scared of what the future holds for her. The private practice contextual considerations are self or professional referral, sole decision makers are the client and the psychologist. Clients of this nature are usually self-referred and are trying to find release from some inner turmoil. The contextual consideration would impact a plan assessment for client #2, because extensive assessment is usually not required for these cases. However, the best method of gathering information would be through the use of interviews, which will be best conducted using the semi-structured method to allow the patient to share openly, but still allow the clinician to be able to focus on the required questions that must be asked to when conducting a functional assessment. Some ethical concerns that may affect client #2 is the test construction pertinent to the issues of this client, avoidance of harm and exploitation, â€Å"disclosures about exceptions to confidentiality† (Nagy, 2011); â€Å"invasion of privacy† and how much will be required to be shared and if shared how will the information be used and guarded once documented. 2. School Psychologist Client #1: 7-year-old second-grader from intact family that recently moved into the school district Referral Problems: academic difficulties related to reading and writing, social difficulties with peers. Our 7 year old second grader is part of a military family and moves around quiet often with his family. His father is an air force pilot and is often away for a long period of time, his mom also works. He receives love and attention when they are available but is often left on his own. He spends most of his time building toy planes because he hopes to someday be a pilot like his Dad. Contextual considerations for client #1 in this setting the decision to be assessed came from an educational setting as a referral by his teachers and school counselor. The decision was unified by a group who has his best interest at heart because they all believe he has the potential to excel. According to study conducted by (Sattler, 2001), when evaluating the extent and nature of a child’s learning difficulties the assessment process must be sensitive to the interactions, personality and characteristics of the child, as well as the expectations of those requesting the assessment† (Groth-Marnat, p. 44) In this setting an adult has to give consent for all assessment and determination for placement change. The individually oriented assessment is carried out through direct observation in the child’s natural environment. Other assessment methods that may be employed is the â€Å"WISC-III, Stanford Binet test for intellectual abilities† (Groth-Marnat, p. 44), observation of behavior and interactions with teachers and students will also be rated. Most importantly is the test administered must be appropriate for a 7 year-old. Ethical concerns are to ensure that no harm is done to the child, validity of test assessment data and use and release of assessment data. Labeling and restriction of freedom is also another ethical concern that may affect client #1 will the results impose any negative consequence that may affect his future or reinforce the behavior. Client #2: 17 -year-old high school student Referral Problems: failing grades, refused to follow course sequences, considering dropping out. This client recently lost a parent and no longer feels apart of her home school environment, her single parent is struggling financially and have decided that it may be best to move closer to family in another state. Contextual considerations for client #21 in this setting is the decision to be assessed came as a referral by his teachers and school guidance counselor. Consent from an adult is also need as the child is under 18 years of age. Ethical concern that may be of concern to client #2, Principle E: Respect for Peoples Rights and Dignity (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2014), sharing of personal information gathered from the assessment with other teachers. Not because the client is underage, they can be forced to share thoughts they would otherwise prefer to keep hidden. Communication of test results is also of ethical concern, (Groth-Marnat) notes that feedback from the assessment must be presented in a clear, competent and understandable language for all to understand, without misinterpretation. While a structured interview strategy is most reliable, a semi-structured interview strategy will yield more information as it gives the client and clinician more of a free style to engage and share information that may not otherwise be noted on the questionnaire. The purpose of an assessment interview is to obtain authorization and to learn the client’s background history and any detail about the issue on hand, prior to embarking on an assessment plan. Verbal and face to face, using a semi-structured or structured format with the 17- year old high school student. Note taking and Recording of initial interview must be carried out Establish initial rapport Gather specific information, history and current and past school attendance and grades, family history History of problem Give the client an opportunity to ask questions and share information Plan of assessment for Client #1: 7-year-old second-grader. (Steege, 2009), believes that â€Å"decisions regarding the development and evaluation of interventions with students who exhibit problem behaviors should be based on objective and accurate information†. The most appropriate assessment for our 7-year old would be the Direct Descriptive FBA procedures Anecdotal and systematic observations Interval Recording Procedure (IRP) Extended functional analyses – â€Å"observation is carried out in the students natural environment, learning ability and interpersonal interaction is observed and measured† (Cooper 2007) (Groth-Marnat). Assessment of reinforcer preferences Using this method will help us to (1) identify and gather information relating to our 7 year-old; (2) assess the nature and quality of the his learning environment; (3) administer the comprehensive assessment battery of test that takes into consideration academic and intellectual abilities, over several minutes for up to 30 minutes, ; (4) identify and describe any interfering behaviors; (5) Document and log academic and social performance; (6) create an intervention plan that will enable our 7 year-old to increase his academic performance and social interactions. The value of using this method is the intervention plan that will be derived from the assessment will be focused on meeting the specific needs of our 7 year-old, by identify triggers, motivators and reinforcers, and using them to influence his actions and behavior in a positive and productive way. Functional assessment utilizes multiple tools to assess and develop a plan assessment that will investigate the academic ability of our client giving us an insight into his cognitive abilities and interpersonal skills, and because the data is real-time it is evidence-based and makes for effective and unbiased decision. References BACB. (2010, June). BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code. Retrieved from BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code: http://www.bacb.com/index.php?page=57 Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. (2014). Retrieved from American Psychological Association : http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx Groth-Marnat, G. (n.d.). Hand Book of Psychological Assessment. EBSCO Publishing. Nagy, T. F. (2011). Essential Ethics for Psychologists. In T. F. Nagy, Ethics in Psychological Assessment (pp. 171-183). American Psychological Association. Steege, M. . (2009). Conducting school-based functional behavioralassessments:A practitioners guide(2nded.). New York, NY: TheGuilford Press.

Notes on Sudetenland †Why did Hitler want it? Essay

Hitler had four main Foreign policy aims after he came to power. 1. Overturn Versailles: establish Germany’s right to re-arm and to recover the lands lost in 1919, especially the right to re-militarise the Rhineland, to recover Danzig, and the Polish Corridor. 2. Gross Deutschland policy. To extend Germany’s frontiers, to include all people of the German race, especially Austria and the Sudeten area of Czechoslovakia. Again this appears moderate and reasonable. Gave GB and Fr reason to believe they really did not need to go to war with Hitler over the Sudeten issue in 1938. 3. The racial policy. To make the Germans the dominant race in Europe at the at the expense of the racially inferior races to the east. The Aryans were to rule the Slavs and the Jews were to be eliminated. Hitler has been described as a Malthusian, fearing that Germany would not be able to feed her growing population and therefore she was entitled to take the lands to the east to colonise. 4. The policy of LEBENSRAUM or living space at the expense of the Poles and Russians. Hitler chose to make an issue of the 3 million Sudeten Germans there who had been part of the Austro Hungarian Empire, but denied self-determination and given to Czechoslovakia at Versailles. Hitler approached the case in the same way as the Anschluss: a Versailles grievance concerning self-determination while he encouraged Nazi influence among the Sudetens led by Konrad Henlein. The latter demanded independence for the Sudetens as a prelude to incorporation in the Third Reich. The issue was complicated by the fact that by 1938 the Sudetenland was an integral part of Czechoslovakia, which manifestly did not want to see the area secede. If the Anschluss could be passed off as wanted by the majority of Austrians, this certainly could not. Many Czech defences were in this border area as well as iron and steel plants and the Skoda arms factory. Chamberlain made 3 visits to Hitler in an attempt to resolve the crisis peacefully. On 15 September at Berchtesgaden, Hitler insisted on the transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany. On 22 September at Godesberg on the Rhine, Hitler demanded the immediate military occupation of the area. On 27 Sept Chamberlain spoke of his determination to meet Hitler a third time to secure peace given the ‘horrible fantastic, incredible fact that Britain was preparing for war because of a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing.’ What resulted was a four-power conference (30 Sept at Munich) between Hitler, Mussolini, Daladier of France and Chamberlain (with the Czech delegates kept waiting in the corridor outside and the Russians not invited at all) provided for German occupation of the Sudetenland within 10 days. Czechoslovakia was dismembered and left wide open to subsequent German aggression. There was enormous public relief in all countries at the time that war had been averted. Before he left Munich Chamberlain secured a further agreement with Hitler: The Anglo- German Agreement, which declared the intention of both countries never to go to war with each other. This was the famous piece of paper, which Chamberlain waved on his return to Britain declaring ‘Peace in our time’. Chamberlain may have been convinced that he had pacified Hitler and averted war; in fact Hitler gave instructions as early as 21 October for the invasion of the rest of Czechoslovakia. Whether Chamberlain actually believed he could trust Hitler or not, he certainly believed that Hitler’s demands could only be met if they were legitimate and he laid great store by Hitler’s statement that the Sudetenland was the last of his territorial demands. Any further aggression by Hitler could not be met by appeasement. Apart from its Sudeten German minority, Czechoslovakia also contained Poles, Hungarians and Slovaks. These too Hitler encouraged in separatist ambitions. His excuse for invading the country was to establish a protectorate for the Slovaks. In fact it was a clear act of aggression. For the first time Hitler had acted without the veil of acting on a redress of Versailles: there was no possible claim here. His actions were seen for what they were; an act of lebensraum: convincing all that his ambitions in fact had no limit.

Vpn with Ipsec

1. Abstract The goal of VPNs is to provide a cost-effective and secure way to connect business to one another and remote workers to office networks. Network Security Protocols encompasses the basis for safe & reliable data transfer. These security devices should be able to provide accountability, access control, confidentiality, integrity, while all the time being cost effective. This provides us with different security protocols related to the transfer of data through a network.With a prevalent system of networks the frontier for world data communication, it is absolutely critical to be able to have these protocols provide the most secure service possible. In this report technical review IPSec protocol involved with Network Security. Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) It is a suite of protocol for securing IP communications by authentication and encryption of each IP packet of a communication session. IPSec also includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agent s at the beginning of the session and negotiating cryptography keys which is to be used during the session.IPSec is an end to end security scheme operating in the Layer of Internet of the IP suite. It can be used in protecting data flows between a pair of hosts, between a pair of security gateways, or between a security gateway and a host. 2. Introduction to VPN A VPN is a virtual private network, which is built on top of existing physical network that can provide a secure communication mechanism for data and other information transmitted between networks. Because VPN can be used over existing networks, such as the Internet, it can facilitate the secure transfer of sensitive data across public networks.This is often less expensive than alternatives such as dedicated private telecommunications lines between organizations or branch offices. VPNs can also provide flexible solutions, such as securing communications between remote telecommuters and the organization’s servers, rega rdless of where the telecommuters are located. A VPN can even be established within a single network to protect particularly sensitive communications from other parties on the same network. It is important to understand that VPNs do not remove all risk from networking.While VPNs can greatly reduce risk, particularly for communications that occur over public networks, they cannot remove all risk for such communications. One problem is the strength of the implementation. For example, flaws in an encryption algorithm or the software implementing the algorithm could allow attackers to decrypt intercepted traffic; random number generators that do not produce sufficiently random values could provide additional attack possibilities. Another issue is encryption key disclosure; an attacker who discovers a key could not only decrypt traffic but potentially also poses as a legitimate user.Another area of risk involves availability. A common model for information assurance is based on the conce pts of confidential, integrity, and availability. Although VPNs are designed to support confidentiality and integrity, they generally do not improve availability, the ability for authorized users to access systems as needed. In fact, many VPN implementations actually tend to decrease availability somewhat, because they add more components and services to the existing network infrastructure. This is highly dependent upon the chosen VPN architecture model and the details of the implementation. 3. 1 VPN TechnologiesThe Internet is a shared public network of networks with open transmission protocols. Therefore, VPNs must include measures for packet encapsulation (tunneling), encryption, and authentication to ensure that sensitive data reaches its destination without modifying by unauthorized parties. Fig: IP Packet 2. 2 Tunnels The thing that makes a Virtual Private Network â€Å"virtually private† is known as tunnel. Even though you access your network via Internet, you’r e not really â€Å"on† the Internet, you are actually â€Å"on† your company network. Although the term â€Å"tunnel† feels like it’s describing a fixed path through the Internet, this is not the case.As with any Internet traffic, VPN tunnel packets may take different paths between the two endpoints. 2. 3 Encryption Encryption is a technique for scrambling and unscrambling information. The information which is unscrambled is called clear-text, and the information which is scrambled is called cipher-text. At either end of your VPN tunnel sits a VPN gateway in hardware of software form. The gateway at sending location encrypts the information into cipher text before sending the encrypted information through the tunnel over the Internet. The VPN gateway at receiving location decrypts the information back into clear-text. . 4 Keys A key is the secret code that the encryption algorithm uses to create a unique version of cipher-text. To put it in simpler terms, two people might go to the hardware store and buy the same lock off the shelf, but their combinations are different. In VPN encryption, the method may be the same (like the lock), but our keys are different (like the combination). Of course, VPN locks have a lot more than three numbers on the dial combination. As a matter of fact, transmission security strength depends on the length of the keys which you use. Here’s the formula: 8-bit keys = 256 combinations or two to the eighth power (28) †¢ 16-bit keys = 65,536 combinations or two to the 16th power (216) †¢ 56-bit keys = 72,057,594,037,927,900 or two to the 56th power (256) †¢ And so on†¦ In other words, if you used a 16-bit key, a fake attacker might have to make 65,536 attempts at cracking your combination. Obviously, this would be a quick and simple task for computers. That’s why a lot of VPN products on the market today are using 168-bit keys, creating 374,144, 419,156,711,000,000,000,000,000 ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Possible combinations.There are some enterprises out there going even higher. Even the fastest computers today would need extended time to crack a code that is complex. You might be tempted to make a policy of always using the highest-bit encryption method available, but keep in mind that processing such complicated cipher-text will require significant, dedicated CPU processing power. There are other ways to use keys to the outmost security to fit your needs. For example, it does, indeed, take time to crack the higher-bit keys. If you establish a policy of periodically changing your keys, the trespassers won’t be able to keep up. . 4. 1 Symmetrical Keys Symmetrical keys means the same key is used at each end of the tunnel to encrypt and decrypt information. Because a symmetrical key is being shared by both parties, there must be an understanding between the two to take appropriate steps to keep the key secret, which is why symmetrical keys are oft en referred to as â€Å"shared secrets. † These keys become more difficult to distribute, since they must be kept confidential. A technique called â€Å"key splitting† may be employed to reduce the potential of key disclosure during transit.This allows participants to use public channels such as the Internet. More commonly, however, distribution of symmetrical keys is more of a manual operation using paper, removable media, or hardware docking. 2. 4. 2 Asymmetrical Keys Asymmetrical keys are slightly more complicated, but, logistically, much easier to manage. Asymmetrical keys allow information to be encrypted with one key and decrypted with a different key. The two keys used in this scenario are referred to as private and public keys, or the ones you keep to yourself and the ones you distribute to your remote users.Consider this example: Let’s call our business FQT and HIQT. FQT has a set of two keys, a public key and a private key. His public key has been prog rammed to encrypt data so that only his own private key can decipher it. In order to communicate securely, FQT hands his public key to HIQT and tells him to encrypt anything he sends with that code. Using this asymmetrical keying method, both are assured that only FQT will be able to read those transmissions because he retains the private decoder key. If the communication is to be bi-directional, HIQT would share his public key with FQT in the same manner. . 5 Key Management Configuring pre-shared secrets in smaller VPNs does not necessarily require software automation or large infrastructure investments. However, larger networks might benefit from deploying a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to create, distribute, and track digital certificates on individual-user basis. You can use pre-shared keys or digital signatures if your equipment supports these authentication alternatives. However, if you decide to use certificates, there are options. For example, you may use third-party Cert ificate Authority services.Or, you may build your own Certificate Authority using software from Entrust, Xcert, or Baltimore Technologies. Either option will help you establish a comprehensive PKI, which is especially useful in large organizations needed to extend secure, limited network access beyond their own internal users to business partners and customers. 2. 6 Authentication The last bit of housekeeping involved in VPN transmission is authentication. At this step, recipients of data can determine if the sender is really who he says he is (User/System Authentication) and if the data was redirected or corrupted enroute (Data Authentication). . 6. 1 User/System Authentication Consider, again, our two business named FQT and HIQT. When FQT receives a message signed from HIQT, FQT picks a random number and encrypts it using a key which only HIQT should be able to decode. HIQT then decrypts the random number and re-encrypts it using a key only QT should be able to decode. When FQT ge ts his number back, he can be assured it is really IQT on the other end. 2. 6. 2 Data Authentication In order to verify that data packets have arrived unaltered, VPN systems often use a technique involving â€Å"hash functions. A hash function creates a sort of fingerprint of the original data. It calculates a unique number, called a hash, based on fixed or variable length values of unique bit strings. The sender attaches the number to the data packet before the encryption step. When the recipient receives the data and decrypts it, he can calculate his own hash independently. The output of his calculation is compared to the stored value appended by the sender. If the two hashes do not match, the recipient can be able to assume the data has been altered. 3.VPN Protocols used for tunneling 3. 1 IPSec IPSec is a standard for secure encrypted communication that provides two security methods: Authenticated Headers (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). AH is used to authenticate packets, whereas ESP encrypts the data portion of packets. It can work in two different modes: transport mode and tunnel mode. IPSec is commonly combined with IKE as a means of using public key cryptography to encrypt data between LANs or between a client and a LAN. IKE provides for the exchange of public and private keys. 3. 2 PPPIn networking, the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes. It can provide connection authentication, transmission encryption, and compression. 3. 3 L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is an extension of the long protocol used to establish dial-up connections on the Internet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). L2TP uses IPSec rather than MPPE to encrypt data sent over PPP. 3. 4 PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is commonly used by remote users who need to connect to a network using a dial-in connection of modem.PPTP uses Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) to encrypt data that passes between the remote computer and the remote access server. 3 Technical Review of IPSec over VPN 4. 1 IPSec IPSec is the Internet standard protocol for tunneling, encryption, and authentication. It was designed to protect network traffic by addressing basic usage issues including:- †¢ Access control †¢ Connection integrity †¢ Authentication of data origin †¢ Protection against replays †¢ Traffic flow confidentiality The IPSec protocol allows two operational modes.In Transport mode, everything behind the packet and not including the IP header is protected. In Tunnel mode, everything behind and including the header is protected, requiring a new pseudo IP header. While the IPSec protocol was under development, two other protocols — L2TP and PPTP used as temporary solutions. L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) encloses non-Internet protocols such as IPX, SNA, and AppleTalk inside an IP envelope. However, L2TP has to rely on other protocols f or encryption functions. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a proprietary Microsoft encryption and authentication protocol.Although originally developed as a temporary solution, Microsoft continues to deploy L2TP as its tunneling protocol instead of IPSec tunneling. When comparing the three, IPSec is, the most widely used protocol, and the only one that addresses future VPN environments (such as new IP protocols). 4. 1. 2 IPSec Architecture The architecture of the IPSec implementation refers to the selection of device and software to provide IPSec services and the placement of IPSec endpoints within the existing network infrastructure.These two considerations are often closely tied together; For example, a decision could be made to use the existing Internet firewall as the IPSec gateway. This section will explore three particular aspects of IPSec architecture:- gateway placement, IPSec client software for hosts, and host address space management. Fig: Gateway-to-Gateway VPN for Remote Office Connectivity 4. 1. 3 IPSec Functions Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) has emerged as the most commonly used network layer security control for protecting communications. IPSec is a framework of open standards for ensuring private communications over IP networks.Depending on how IPSec is implemented and configured, it can provide any combination of the following types of protection: Confidentiality. IPSec can ensure that data cannot be read by unknown parties. This is accomplished by encrypting data using a cryptographic algorithm and a secret key. A value known only to the two parties exchanging data. The data can only be decrypted by someone who has the secret key. Integrity. IPSec can determine if data has been changed (intentionally or unintentionally) during transit. The integrity of data can be assured by enerating a message authentication code (MAC) value, which is a cryptographic checking sum of the data. If the data is altered and the MAC is recalculated , the old and new MACs will be different. Peer Authentication. Each IPSec endpoint confirms the identity of the other IPSec endpoint with which it wishes to communicate, ensuring that the network traffic and data is being sent from the expected host. Replay Protection. The same data is not delivered multiple times, and data is not delivered grossly out of order. However, IPSec does not ensure that data is delivered in the exact order in which it is sent.Traffic Analysis and Protection. A person monitoring network traffic does not know which parties are communicating, how often communications are occurring, or how much data is being exchanged. However, the number of packets being exchanged can be counted. Access Control. IPSec endpoints can perform filtering to ensure that only authorized IPSec users can access particular network resources. IPSec endpoints can also allow or block certain types of network traffic, such as allowing Web server access but denying file sharing. 4. 1. 4 IP Sec FundamentalsIPSec is a collection of protocols that assist in protecting communications over IP networks. IPSec protocols work together in various combinations to provide protection for communications. The three primary components of the IPSec protocol that provides the protections for the communication are ESP, AH and IKE. Encapsulating security Payload (ESP) ESP is the second core IPSec security protocol. In the initial version of IPSec, ESP provided only encryption for packet payload data. It can perform authentication to provide integrity protection, although not for the outermost IP header.Also, ESP. s encryption can be disabled through the Null ESP Encryption Algorithm. Therefore, in all but the oldest IPSec implementations, ESP can be used to provide only encryption; encryption and integrity protection; or only integrity protection Authentication Header (AH) AH, one of the IPSec security protocols provides integrity protection for packet headers and data, as well as user authentication. It can optionally provide replay protection and access protection. AH cannot encrypt any portion of packets.In the initial version of IPSec, the ESP protocol could provide only encryption, not authentication, so AH and ESP were often used together to provide both confidentiality and integrity protection for communications. Because authentication capabilities were added to ESP in the second version of IPSec AH has become less significant; in fact, some IPSec software no longer supports AH. However, AH is still valuable because AH can authenticate portions of packets that ESP cannot. Internet Key Exchange (IKE) The purpose of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol is to negotiate, create, and manage security associations.Security association is a generic term for a set of values that define the IPSec features and protections applied to a connection. It can also be manually created, using values agreed upon in advance by both parties, but these security associations c annot be updated; this method does not scale for a real-life large-scale VPNs. In IPSec, IKE is used to provide a secure mechanism for establishing IPSec-protected connections. 4. 1. 5 IPSec Protocol Basics Transport mode is used to provide secure communications between hosts over any range of IP addresses.Tunnel mode is used to create secure links between two private networks. Tunnel mode is the obvious choice for VPNs; however, there are some concerns about using tunnel mode in a client-to-site VPN because the IPSec protocol by itself does not provide for user authentication. However, when combined with an authentication system like Kerberos, IPSec can authenticate users. 4. 1. 6 Cryptography Used in IPSec Sessions Cryptography policy involves choosing encryption and integrity protection algorithms and key lengths. Most IPSec implementations offer the HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA-1 hashing algorithms.Neither of these algorithms is computationally intensive. Although both plain MD5 and pl ain SHA-1 have known weaknesses, both are still considered sufficiently secure in their HMAC versions. In some implementations of IPSec, the cryptography policy settings are not immediately apparent to admin. The default settings for encryption and integrity protection, as well as the details of each setting, are often located down several levels of menus or are split among multiple locations. It is also challenging with some implementations to alter the settings once they have been located. . 1. 7 Authentication Used for Identifying IPSec IPSec implementations typically support two authentication methods: pre-shared keys and digital signatures. To use pre-shared keys, the IPSec admin creates a key or password string, which is then configured in each IPSec device. Pre-shared keys are the simplest authentication method to implement, but key management is challenging. Because of scalability and security concerns, pre-shared key authentication is generally an acceptable solution only f or small-scale implementations with known IP addresses or small IP address ranges.In the digital signature method, a certificate identifies each device, and each device is configured to use certificates. Two IPSec endpoints will trust each other if a Certification Authority (CA) that they both trust has signed their certificates. Many organizations are currently implementing public key infrastructures (PKI) for managing certificates for IPSec VPNs and other applications such as secure e-mail and Web access. 5. Conclusion VPNs allow users or corporations to connect to remote servers, branch offices, or to other companies over internetwork of public, while maintaining secure communications.In all of these cases, the secure connection appears to the user as a private network communication—despite the fact that this communication occurs over internetwork of public. VPN technology is designed to address issues surrounding the current business trend toward increased telecommuting a nd widely distributed global operations, where workers must be able to connect to central resources and communicate with each other. This paper provides an overview of VPN, VPN over IPSec and describes the basic requirements of useful VPN technologies: user authentication, address management, data encryption, key management, nd multiprotocol support. 6. Reference 1. S. Farnkel, K. Kent, R. Lewkowski. (December 2005). Guide to IPSec VPN. Available: http://csrc. nist. gov/publications/nistpubs/800-77/sp800-77. pdf. Last accessed January 20 2011. 2. Tom Olzak. (Jan22, 2007). SSTP: Microsoft VPN. Available: http://www. techrepublic. com/blog/security/sstp-microsofts-vpn/149. Last accessed 25 January 2011. 3. Open VPN. (2011). Open VPN cryptographic layer. Available: http://openvpn. net/index. php/open-source/documentation/security-overview. html. Last accessed 28 January 2011. 4. Erik Rodrigues-Types of VPN [online]. Resources as well as Images) Available from: http://www. skullbox. net /vpn. php[Accessed on: Feb 12 2011] 5. Internet Protocol Security [online]. Available from: http://www. interpeak. com/files/ipsec. pdf[Accessed on: Feb 4 2011] 6. SSL VPN VS. IPSec VPN [online]. Available from: http://www. arraynetworks. net/ufiles/File/SSLVPNvsIPSecWhitePaper021006. pdf[Accessed on: January 29 2011] 7. Available from: http://www. windowsecurity. com/articles/VPN-Options. html[Accessed on: Feb 14 2011 ] 8. Download the Green Bow IPSec VPN client [online]. Available from: www. thegreenbow. com/vpn/vpn_down. html [Accessed on: Feb 2012] . YouTube video of using the Green Bow software Available from: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=m6fu6saaNhQ [Accessed on: Jan 29 2008] 7. Appendix The step by step setup of â€Å"The Green Bow IPSec VPN client† is described below. Running the setup file. Language screen appears and click OK. Fig: Choose language screen. Welcome screen appears and click next. Fig: Setup Welcome screen. License and information regarding license s then click I Agree. Fig: License and information screen. Install location screen appears and click next. Fig: Installation location screen. Choosing start menu folder screen appears and click Install.Fig: start menu folder screen. Installing screen appears. Fig: Installing setup screen. Windows Security screen appears and click install. Fig: Windows Security screen. Setup Complete screen appears and click finish Fig: Completing Setup screen. How to use This Software System Tray Icon VPN Configuration Three step Configuration Wizard Step 1 of 3: Choice of remote equipment You must specify the type of the equipment at the end of the tunnel: VPN gateway. Step 2 of 3: VPN tunnel parameters You must specify the following information: the public (network side) address of the remote gateway he preshared key you will use for this tunnel (this preshared key must be the same as key in the Gateway) the IP address of your company LAN (e. g. specify 192. 168. 1. 0) Step 3 of 3: Summary The thi rd step summaries your new VPN configuration. Other parameters may be further configured directly via the ‘Configuration Panel' (e. g. Certificates, virtual IP address, etc). VPN Tunnel Configuration How to create a VPN Tunnel? To create a VPN tunnel from the Configuration Panel (without using the Configuration Wizard), you must follow the following steps: 1. Right-click on ‘Configuration' in the list window and select ‘New Phase 1' 2.Configure Authentication Phase (Phase 1) 3. Right-click on the ‘new Phase 1' in the tree control and select ‘Add Phase 2' 4. Configure IPSec Phase (Phase 2) 5. Once the parameters are set, click on ‘Save ; Apply' to take into account the new configuration. That way the IKE service will run with the new parameters 6. Click on ‘Open Tunnel' for establishing the IPSec VPN tunnel (only in â€Å"IPSec Configuration† window) VPN Configuration Please refer to Phase 1 and Phase 2 for settings descriptions. Authe ntication or Phase 1 What is Phase 1? ‘Authentication' or ‘Phase 1' window will concern settings for Authentication Phase or Phase 1.It is also called IKE Negotiation Phase. Phase 1's purpose is to negotiate IKE policy sets, authenticate the peers, and set up a secure channel between the peers. As part of Phase 1, each end system must identify and authenticate itself to the other. Interface Network interface IP address of the computer, through which VPN connection is established. Remote Gateway IP address or DNS address of the remote gateway (in our example: gateway. domain. com). This field is necessary. Pre-shared key Password or shared key with the remote gateway. IKE Encryption algorithm used during Authentication phase (DES, 3DES, AES, AES128, AES192, AES256).Authentication algorithm used during Authentication phase (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256). Key group is key length. Phase1 Advanced Settings Description Config-Mode If it is checked, the VPN Client will activate Config-M ode for this tunnel. Config- Mode allows VPN Client to fetch some VPN Configuration information from the VPN gateway. If Config-Mode is enabled, and provided that the remote Gateway supports, the following Parameters will be negotiated between the VPN Client and the remote Gateway during the IKE exchanges (Phase 1): Virtual IP address of the VPN Client DNS server address (optional)WINS server address (optional) Aggressive Mode If checked, the VPN Client will used aggressive mode as negotiation mode with the remote gateway. IPSec Configuration or Phase 2 What is Phase 2? ‘IPSec Configuration' or ‘Phase 2' window will concern settings for Phase 2. The purpose of Phase 2 is to negotiate the IPSec security parameters that are applied to the traffic going through tunnels negotiate during Phase 1. Phase 2 Settings Description VPN Client address Virtual IP address used by the VPN Client inside the remote LAN: The computer will appear in the LAN with this IP address.It is import ant this IP address should not belong to the remote LAN (e. g. , in the example, you should avoid an IP address like 192. 168. 1. 10). Address type The remote endpoint may be a LAN or a single computer, In case the remote endpoint is a LAN, choose â€Å"Subnet address† or â€Å"IP Range†. When choosing â€Å"Subnet address†, the two fields â€Å"Remote LAN address† and â€Å"Subnet mask† become available. When choosing â€Å"IP Range†, the two fields â€Å"Start address† and â€Å"End address† become available, enabling TheGreenBow IPSec VPN Client to establish a tunnel only within a range of a predefined IP addresses.The range of IP addresses can be one IP address. Incase the remote end point is a single computer, choose â€Å"Single Address†. When choosing â€Å"Single address†, only â€Å"Remote host address† is available. Remote address This field is â€Å"Remote LAN address† depending of the add ress type. It is the remote IP address or LAN network address of the gateway that opens the VPN tunnel. Phase2 Advanced Settings Script configuration Scripts or applications can be enabled for each step of a VPN tunnel opening and closing process: Before tunnel is opened Right after the tunnel is opened Before tunnel closes Right after tunnel is closedRemote Sharing Global Parameters Lifetime (sec. ) Default lifetime for IKE rekeying. Minimal lifetime for IKE rekeying. Maximal lifetime for IKE rekeying. Default lifetime for IPSec rekeying. Maximal lifetime for IPSec rekeying. Minimal lifetime for IPSec rekeying. Dead Peer Detection (DPD) Check interval (sec. ) Interval between DPD messages. Max number of retries Number of DPD messages sent. Delay between retries (sec. ) Interval between DPD messages when no reply from remote gateway. Miscellaneous Retransmissions How many times a message should be retransmitted before giving up. USB Mode Step 1 Step2 Step3 Step4

Van Gogh s Life And Effect Today - 1819 Words

Speech: Van Gogh s Life and Effect today. Specific Purpose Statement: By the end of my speech the audience will be able to list 3 parts of Van Gogh s life and his achievements that affected the future. INTRODUCTION: Attention Getter: Imagine being one of the most well recognized names of the modern world, your name attracts millions, dozens of films and book are created after you. But at the same time imagine your life being filled with depression and rejection for the craft that you are beloved for. Thesis Statement: Although Vincent Van Gogh’s work is recognized around the world, his life was full of depression and rejection from people and the art world, but still he impacted the style of art forever. Credibility Statement: I have†¦show more content†¦He also threw many tantrums and was ill-tempered constantly. Also from this article, it had quotations of what different members of his family had to say about Vincent. His sister Elizabeth claims that Vincent would walk around clumsily consistently in daze with his head held low. C. Van Gogh did not immediately get involved with the art world, but rather he was constantly having to adapt to what his parents expected from him, leading his into distress. 1. According to the Article â€Å"Vincent Van Gogh† by Chris Stolwijk, accessed by the Gale Biography in Context Database, Van Gogh worked very faintly in a french art print dealer business that was introduced to him by his uncle, also named Vincent Van Gogh, who was a partner. There he learned to respect the visual arts. 2. Also from the same text, Vincent lost interest in this business and later went on to study theology and follows his father s expectations. Sadly, he also failed at this endeavour as well. Not until many occupations later did his infamous brother Theo Van Gogh suggest that he would become what he is most known for, an artist. These rejections foreshadowed the future mindset of Van Gogh, constantly rejected and â€Å"failing†, leading to his breakdown. Internal Summary/Preview: Now that we have learned Van Gogh s bring, early life, and multiple endeavours, we can go to his main attribute in his life, his paintings. We will see the repercussions andShow MoreRelatedVincent Van Gogh And His Life868 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty-first (21st) Century, the life of Vincent Van Gogh; has become more of a legend with a substantial figure among painters and western art in the society today. Vincent Van Gogh is said to be a person with persevering characteristics due to all the failures he encountered in his career path from being a â€Å"minister like his father to dealing in arts like his uncle† (Blumer,2002) before becoming the successful painter, we all acknowledge in the world today. 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