Notes on Sudetenland †Why did Hitler want it? Essay

Hitler had four main Foreign policy aims after he came to power. 1. Overturn Versailles: establish Germany’s right to re-arm and to recover the lands lost in 1919, especially the right to re-militarise the Rhineland, to recover Danzig, and the Polish Corridor. 2. Gross Deutschland policy. To extend Germany’s frontiers, to include all people of the German race, especially Austria and the Sudeten area of Czechoslovakia. Again this appears moderate and reasonable. Gave GB and Fr reason to believe they really did not need to go to war with Hitler over the Sudeten issue in 1938. 3. The racial policy. To make the Germans the dominant race in Europe at the at the expense of the racially inferior races to the east. The Aryans were to rule the Slavs and the Jews were to be eliminated. Hitler has been described as a Malthusian, fearing that Germany would not be able to feed her growing population and therefore she was entitled to take the lands to the east to colonise. 4. The policy of LEBENSRAUM or living space at the expense of the Poles and Russians. Hitler chose to make an issue of the 3 million Sudeten Germans there who had been part of the Austro Hungarian Empire, but denied self-determination and given to Czechoslovakia at Versailles. Hitler approached the case in the same way as the Anschluss: a Versailles grievance concerning self-determination while he encouraged Nazi influence among the Sudetens led by Konrad Henlein. The latter demanded independence for the Sudetens as a prelude to incorporation in the Third Reich. The issue was complicated by the fact that by 1938 the Sudetenland was an integral part of Czechoslovakia, which manifestly did not want to see the area secede. If the Anschluss could be passed off as wanted by the majority of Austrians, this certainly could not. Many Czech defences were in this border area as well as iron and steel plants and the Skoda arms factory. Chamberlain made 3 visits to Hitler in an attempt to resolve the crisis peacefully. On 15 September at Berchtesgaden, Hitler insisted on the transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany. On 22 September at Godesberg on the Rhine, Hitler demanded the immediate military occupation of the area. On 27 Sept Chamberlain spoke of his determination to meet Hitler a third time to secure peace given the ‘horrible fantastic, incredible fact that Britain was preparing for war because of a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing.’ What resulted was a four-power conference (30 Sept at Munich) between Hitler, Mussolini, Daladier of France and Chamberlain (with the Czech delegates kept waiting in the corridor outside and the Russians not invited at all) provided for German occupation of the Sudetenland within 10 days. Czechoslovakia was dismembered and left wide open to subsequent German aggression. There was enormous public relief in all countries at the time that war had been averted. Before he left Munich Chamberlain secured a further agreement with Hitler: The Anglo- German Agreement, which declared the intention of both countries never to go to war with each other. This was the famous piece of paper, which Chamberlain waved on his return to Britain declaring ‘Peace in our time’. Chamberlain may have been convinced that he had pacified Hitler and averted war; in fact Hitler gave instructions as early as 21 October for the invasion of the rest of Czechoslovakia. Whether Chamberlain actually believed he could trust Hitler or not, he certainly believed that Hitler’s demands could only be met if they were legitimate and he laid great store by Hitler’s statement that the Sudetenland was the last of his territorial demands. Any further aggression by Hitler could not be met by appeasement. Apart from its Sudeten German minority, Czechoslovakia also contained Poles, Hungarians and Slovaks. These too Hitler encouraged in separatist ambitions. His excuse for invading the country was to establish a protectorate for the Slovaks. In fact it was a clear act of aggression. For the first time Hitler had acted without the veil of acting on a redress of Versailles: there was no possible claim here. His actions were seen for what they were; an act of lebensraum: convincing all that his ambitions in fact had no limit.

Vpn with Ipsec

1. Abstract The goal of VPNs is to provide a cost-effective and secure way to connect business to one another and remote workers to office networks. Network Security Protocols encompasses the basis for safe & reliable data transfer. These security devices should be able to provide accountability, access control, confidentiality, integrity, while all the time being cost effective. This provides us with different security protocols related to the transfer of data through a network.With a prevalent system of networks the frontier for world data communication, it is absolutely critical to be able to have these protocols provide the most secure service possible. In this report technical review IPSec protocol involved with Network Security. Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) It is a suite of protocol for securing IP communications by authentication and encryption of each IP packet of a communication session. IPSec also includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agent s at the beginning of the session and negotiating cryptography keys which is to be used during the session.IPSec is an end to end security scheme operating in the Layer of Internet of the IP suite. It can be used in protecting data flows between a pair of hosts, between a pair of security gateways, or between a security gateway and a host. 2. Introduction to VPN A VPN is a virtual private network, which is built on top of existing physical network that can provide a secure communication mechanism for data and other information transmitted between networks. Because VPN can be used over existing networks, such as the Internet, it can facilitate the secure transfer of sensitive data across public networks.This is often less expensive than alternatives such as dedicated private telecommunications lines between organizations or branch offices. VPNs can also provide flexible solutions, such as securing communications between remote telecommuters and the organization’s servers, rega rdless of where the telecommuters are located. A VPN can even be established within a single network to protect particularly sensitive communications from other parties on the same network. It is important to understand that VPNs do not remove all risk from networking.While VPNs can greatly reduce risk, particularly for communications that occur over public networks, they cannot remove all risk for such communications. One problem is the strength of the implementation. For example, flaws in an encryption algorithm or the software implementing the algorithm could allow attackers to decrypt intercepted traffic; random number generators that do not produce sufficiently random values could provide additional attack possibilities. Another issue is encryption key disclosure; an attacker who discovers a key could not only decrypt traffic but potentially also poses as a legitimate user.Another area of risk involves availability. A common model for information assurance is based on the conce pts of confidential, integrity, and availability. Although VPNs are designed to support confidentiality and integrity, they generally do not improve availability, the ability for authorized users to access systems as needed. In fact, many VPN implementations actually tend to decrease availability somewhat, because they add more components and services to the existing network infrastructure. This is highly dependent upon the chosen VPN architecture model and the details of the implementation. 3. 1 VPN TechnologiesThe Internet is a shared public network of networks with open transmission protocols. Therefore, VPNs must include measures for packet encapsulation (tunneling), encryption, and authentication to ensure that sensitive data reaches its destination without modifying by unauthorized parties. Fig: IP Packet 2. 2 Tunnels The thing that makes a Virtual Private Network â€Å"virtually private† is known as tunnel. Even though you access your network via Internet, you’r e not really â€Å"on† the Internet, you are actually â€Å"on† your company network. Although the term â€Å"tunnel† feels like it’s describing a fixed path through the Internet, this is not the case.As with any Internet traffic, VPN tunnel packets may take different paths between the two endpoints. 2. 3 Encryption Encryption is a technique for scrambling and unscrambling information. The information which is unscrambled is called clear-text, and the information which is scrambled is called cipher-text. At either end of your VPN tunnel sits a VPN gateway in hardware of software form. The gateway at sending location encrypts the information into cipher text before sending the encrypted information through the tunnel over the Internet. The VPN gateway at receiving location decrypts the information back into clear-text. . 4 Keys A key is the secret code that the encryption algorithm uses to create a unique version of cipher-text. To put it in simpler terms, two people might go to the hardware store and buy the same lock off the shelf, but their combinations are different. In VPN encryption, the method may be the same (like the lock), but our keys are different (like the combination). Of course, VPN locks have a lot more than three numbers on the dial combination. As a matter of fact, transmission security strength depends on the length of the keys which you use. Here’s the formula: 8-bit keys = 256 combinations or two to the eighth power (28) †¢ 16-bit keys = 65,536 combinations or two to the 16th power (216) †¢ 56-bit keys = 72,057,594,037,927,900 or two to the 56th power (256) †¢ And so on†¦ In other words, if you used a 16-bit key, a fake attacker might have to make 65,536 attempts at cracking your combination. Obviously, this would be a quick and simple task for computers. That’s why a lot of VPN products on the market today are using 168-bit keys, creating 374,144, 419,156,711,000,000,000,000,000 ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Possible combinations.There are some enterprises out there going even higher. Even the fastest computers today would need extended time to crack a code that is complex. You might be tempted to make a policy of always using the highest-bit encryption method available, but keep in mind that processing such complicated cipher-text will require significant, dedicated CPU processing power. There are other ways to use keys to the outmost security to fit your needs. For example, it does, indeed, take time to crack the higher-bit keys. If you establish a policy of periodically changing your keys, the trespassers won’t be able to keep up. . 4. 1 Symmetrical Keys Symmetrical keys means the same key is used at each end of the tunnel to encrypt and decrypt information. Because a symmetrical key is being shared by both parties, there must be an understanding between the two to take appropriate steps to keep the key secret, which is why symmetrical keys are oft en referred to as â€Å"shared secrets. † These keys become more difficult to distribute, since they must be kept confidential. A technique called â€Å"key splitting† may be employed to reduce the potential of key disclosure during transit.This allows participants to use public channels such as the Internet. More commonly, however, distribution of symmetrical keys is more of a manual operation using paper, removable media, or hardware docking. 2. 4. 2 Asymmetrical Keys Asymmetrical keys are slightly more complicated, but, logistically, much easier to manage. Asymmetrical keys allow information to be encrypted with one key and decrypted with a different key. The two keys used in this scenario are referred to as private and public keys, or the ones you keep to yourself and the ones you distribute to your remote users.Consider this example: Let’s call our business FQT and HIQT. FQT has a set of two keys, a public key and a private key. His public key has been prog rammed to encrypt data so that only his own private key can decipher it. In order to communicate securely, FQT hands his public key to HIQT and tells him to encrypt anything he sends with that code. Using this asymmetrical keying method, both are assured that only FQT will be able to read those transmissions because he retains the private decoder key. If the communication is to be bi-directional, HIQT would share his public key with FQT in the same manner. . 5 Key Management Configuring pre-shared secrets in smaller VPNs does not necessarily require software automation or large infrastructure investments. However, larger networks might benefit from deploying a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to create, distribute, and track digital certificates on individual-user basis. You can use pre-shared keys or digital signatures if your equipment supports these authentication alternatives. However, if you decide to use certificates, there are options. For example, you may use third-party Cert ificate Authority services.Or, you may build your own Certificate Authority using software from Entrust, Xcert, or Baltimore Technologies. Either option will help you establish a comprehensive PKI, which is especially useful in large organizations needed to extend secure, limited network access beyond their own internal users to business partners and customers. 2. 6 Authentication The last bit of housekeeping involved in VPN transmission is authentication. At this step, recipients of data can determine if the sender is really who he says he is (User/System Authentication) and if the data was redirected or corrupted enroute (Data Authentication). . 6. 1 User/System Authentication Consider, again, our two business named FQT and HIQT. When FQT receives a message signed from HIQT, FQT picks a random number and encrypts it using a key which only HIQT should be able to decode. HIQT then decrypts the random number and re-encrypts it using a key only QT should be able to decode. When FQT ge ts his number back, he can be assured it is really IQT on the other end. 2. 6. 2 Data Authentication In order to verify that data packets have arrived unaltered, VPN systems often use a technique involving â€Å"hash functions. A hash function creates a sort of fingerprint of the original data. It calculates a unique number, called a hash, based on fixed or variable length values of unique bit strings. The sender attaches the number to the data packet before the encryption step. When the recipient receives the data and decrypts it, he can calculate his own hash independently. The output of his calculation is compared to the stored value appended by the sender. If the two hashes do not match, the recipient can be able to assume the data has been altered. 3.VPN Protocols used for tunneling 3. 1 IPSec IPSec is a standard for secure encrypted communication that provides two security methods: Authenticated Headers (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). AH is used to authenticate packets, whereas ESP encrypts the data portion of packets. It can work in two different modes: transport mode and tunnel mode. IPSec is commonly combined with IKE as a means of using public key cryptography to encrypt data between LANs or between a client and a LAN. IKE provides for the exchange of public and private keys. 3. 2 PPPIn networking, the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes. It can provide connection authentication, transmission encryption, and compression. 3. 3 L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is an extension of the long protocol used to establish dial-up connections on the Internet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). L2TP uses IPSec rather than MPPE to encrypt data sent over PPP. 3. 4 PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is commonly used by remote users who need to connect to a network using a dial-in connection of modem.PPTP uses Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) to encrypt data that passes between the remote computer and the remote access server. 3 Technical Review of IPSec over VPN 4. 1 IPSec IPSec is the Internet standard protocol for tunneling, encryption, and authentication. It was designed to protect network traffic by addressing basic usage issues including:- †¢ Access control †¢ Connection integrity †¢ Authentication of data origin †¢ Protection against replays †¢ Traffic flow confidentiality The IPSec protocol allows two operational modes.In Transport mode, everything behind the packet and not including the IP header is protected. In Tunnel mode, everything behind and including the header is protected, requiring a new pseudo IP header. While the IPSec protocol was under development, two other protocols — L2TP and PPTP used as temporary solutions. L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) encloses non-Internet protocols such as IPX, SNA, and AppleTalk inside an IP envelope. However, L2TP has to rely on other protocols f or encryption functions. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a proprietary Microsoft encryption and authentication protocol.Although originally developed as a temporary solution, Microsoft continues to deploy L2TP as its tunneling protocol instead of IPSec tunneling. When comparing the three, IPSec is, the most widely used protocol, and the only one that addresses future VPN environments (such as new IP protocols). 4. 1. 2 IPSec Architecture The architecture of the IPSec implementation refers to the selection of device and software to provide IPSec services and the placement of IPSec endpoints within the existing network infrastructure.These two considerations are often closely tied together; For example, a decision could be made to use the existing Internet firewall as the IPSec gateway. This section will explore three particular aspects of IPSec architecture:- gateway placement, IPSec client software for hosts, and host address space management. Fig: Gateway-to-Gateway VPN for Remote Office Connectivity 4. 1. 3 IPSec Functions Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) has emerged as the most commonly used network layer security control for protecting communications. IPSec is a framework of open standards for ensuring private communications over IP networks.Depending on how IPSec is implemented and configured, it can provide any combination of the following types of protection: Confidentiality. IPSec can ensure that data cannot be read by unknown parties. This is accomplished by encrypting data using a cryptographic algorithm and a secret key. A value known only to the two parties exchanging data. The data can only be decrypted by someone who has the secret key. Integrity. IPSec can determine if data has been changed (intentionally or unintentionally) during transit. The integrity of data can be assured by enerating a message authentication code (MAC) value, which is a cryptographic checking sum of the data. If the data is altered and the MAC is recalculated , the old and new MACs will be different. Peer Authentication. Each IPSec endpoint confirms the identity of the other IPSec endpoint with which it wishes to communicate, ensuring that the network traffic and data is being sent from the expected host. Replay Protection. The same data is not delivered multiple times, and data is not delivered grossly out of order. However, IPSec does not ensure that data is delivered in the exact order in which it is sent.Traffic Analysis and Protection. A person monitoring network traffic does not know which parties are communicating, how often communications are occurring, or how much data is being exchanged. However, the number of packets being exchanged can be counted. Access Control. IPSec endpoints can perform filtering to ensure that only authorized IPSec users can access particular network resources. IPSec endpoints can also allow or block certain types of network traffic, such as allowing Web server access but denying file sharing. 4. 1. 4 IP Sec FundamentalsIPSec is a collection of protocols that assist in protecting communications over IP networks. IPSec protocols work together in various combinations to provide protection for communications. The three primary components of the IPSec protocol that provides the protections for the communication are ESP, AH and IKE. Encapsulating security Payload (ESP) ESP is the second core IPSec security protocol. In the initial version of IPSec, ESP provided only encryption for packet payload data. It can perform authentication to provide integrity protection, although not for the outermost IP header.Also, ESP. s encryption can be disabled through the Null ESP Encryption Algorithm. Therefore, in all but the oldest IPSec implementations, ESP can be used to provide only encryption; encryption and integrity protection; or only integrity protection Authentication Header (AH) AH, one of the IPSec security protocols provides integrity protection for packet headers and data, as well as user authentication. It can optionally provide replay protection and access protection. AH cannot encrypt any portion of packets.In the initial version of IPSec, the ESP protocol could provide only encryption, not authentication, so AH and ESP were often used together to provide both confidentiality and integrity protection for communications. Because authentication capabilities were added to ESP in the second version of IPSec AH has become less significant; in fact, some IPSec software no longer supports AH. However, AH is still valuable because AH can authenticate portions of packets that ESP cannot. Internet Key Exchange (IKE) The purpose of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol is to negotiate, create, and manage security associations.Security association is a generic term for a set of values that define the IPSec features and protections applied to a connection. It can also be manually created, using values agreed upon in advance by both parties, but these security associations c annot be updated; this method does not scale for a real-life large-scale VPNs. In IPSec, IKE is used to provide a secure mechanism for establishing IPSec-protected connections. 4. 1. 5 IPSec Protocol Basics Transport mode is used to provide secure communications between hosts over any range of IP addresses.Tunnel mode is used to create secure links between two private networks. Tunnel mode is the obvious choice for VPNs; however, there are some concerns about using tunnel mode in a client-to-site VPN because the IPSec protocol by itself does not provide for user authentication. However, when combined with an authentication system like Kerberos, IPSec can authenticate users. 4. 1. 6 Cryptography Used in IPSec Sessions Cryptography policy involves choosing encryption and integrity protection algorithms and key lengths. Most IPSec implementations offer the HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA-1 hashing algorithms.Neither of these algorithms is computationally intensive. Although both plain MD5 and pl ain SHA-1 have known weaknesses, both are still considered sufficiently secure in their HMAC versions. In some implementations of IPSec, the cryptography policy settings are not immediately apparent to admin. The default settings for encryption and integrity protection, as well as the details of each setting, are often located down several levels of menus or are split among multiple locations. It is also challenging with some implementations to alter the settings once they have been located. . 1. 7 Authentication Used for Identifying IPSec IPSec implementations typically support two authentication methods: pre-shared keys and digital signatures. To use pre-shared keys, the IPSec admin creates a key or password string, which is then configured in each IPSec device. Pre-shared keys are the simplest authentication method to implement, but key management is challenging. Because of scalability and security concerns, pre-shared key authentication is generally an acceptable solution only f or small-scale implementations with known IP addresses or small IP address ranges.In the digital signature method, a certificate identifies each device, and each device is configured to use certificates. Two IPSec endpoints will trust each other if a Certification Authority (CA) that they both trust has signed their certificates. Many organizations are currently implementing public key infrastructures (PKI) for managing certificates for IPSec VPNs and other applications such as secure e-mail and Web access. 5. Conclusion VPNs allow users or corporations to connect to remote servers, branch offices, or to other companies over internetwork of public, while maintaining secure communications.In all of these cases, the secure connection appears to the user as a private network communication—despite the fact that this communication occurs over internetwork of public. VPN technology is designed to address issues surrounding the current business trend toward increased telecommuting a nd widely distributed global operations, where workers must be able to connect to central resources and communicate with each other. This paper provides an overview of VPN, VPN over IPSec and describes the basic requirements of useful VPN technologies: user authentication, address management, data encryption, key management, nd multiprotocol support. 6. Reference 1. S. Farnkel, K. Kent, R. Lewkowski. (December 2005). Guide to IPSec VPN. Available: http://csrc. nist. gov/publications/nistpubs/800-77/sp800-77. pdf. Last accessed January 20 2011. 2. Tom Olzak. (Jan22, 2007). SSTP: Microsoft VPN. Available: http://www. techrepublic. com/blog/security/sstp-microsofts-vpn/149. Last accessed 25 January 2011. 3. Open VPN. (2011). Open VPN cryptographic layer. Available: http://openvpn. net/index. php/open-source/documentation/security-overview. html. Last accessed 28 January 2011. 4. Erik Rodrigues-Types of VPN [online]. Resources as well as Images) Available from: http://www. skullbox. net /vpn. php[Accessed on: Feb 12 2011] 5. Internet Protocol Security [online]. Available from: http://www. interpeak. com/files/ipsec. pdf[Accessed on: Feb 4 2011] 6. SSL VPN VS. IPSec VPN [online]. Available from: http://www. arraynetworks. net/ufiles/File/SSLVPNvsIPSecWhitePaper021006. pdf[Accessed on: January 29 2011] 7. Available from: http://www. windowsecurity. com/articles/VPN-Options. html[Accessed on: Feb 14 2011 ] 8. Download the Green Bow IPSec VPN client [online]. Available from: www. thegreenbow. com/vpn/vpn_down. html [Accessed on: Feb 2012] . YouTube video of using the Green Bow software Available from: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=m6fu6saaNhQ [Accessed on: Jan 29 2008] 7. Appendix The step by step setup of â€Å"The Green Bow IPSec VPN client† is described below. Running the setup file. Language screen appears and click OK. Fig: Choose language screen. Welcome screen appears and click next. Fig: Setup Welcome screen. License and information regarding license s then click I Agree. Fig: License and information screen. Install location screen appears and click next. Fig: Installation location screen. Choosing start menu folder screen appears and click Install.Fig: start menu folder screen. Installing screen appears. Fig: Installing setup screen. Windows Security screen appears and click install. Fig: Windows Security screen. Setup Complete screen appears and click finish Fig: Completing Setup screen. How to use This Software System Tray Icon VPN Configuration Three step Configuration Wizard Step 1 of 3: Choice of remote equipment You must specify the type of the equipment at the end of the tunnel: VPN gateway. Step 2 of 3: VPN tunnel parameters You must specify the following information: the public (network side) address of the remote gateway he preshared key you will use for this tunnel (this preshared key must be the same as key in the Gateway) the IP address of your company LAN (e. g. specify 192. 168. 1. 0) Step 3 of 3: Summary The thi rd step summaries your new VPN configuration. Other parameters may be further configured directly via the ‘Configuration Panel' (e. g. Certificates, virtual IP address, etc). VPN Tunnel Configuration How to create a VPN Tunnel? To create a VPN tunnel from the Configuration Panel (without using the Configuration Wizard), you must follow the following steps: 1. Right-click on ‘Configuration' in the list window and select ‘New Phase 1' 2.Configure Authentication Phase (Phase 1) 3. Right-click on the ‘new Phase 1' in the tree control and select ‘Add Phase 2' 4. Configure IPSec Phase (Phase 2) 5. Once the parameters are set, click on ‘Save ; Apply' to take into account the new configuration. That way the IKE service will run with the new parameters 6. Click on ‘Open Tunnel' for establishing the IPSec VPN tunnel (only in â€Å"IPSec Configuration† window) VPN Configuration Please refer to Phase 1 and Phase 2 for settings descriptions. Authe ntication or Phase 1 What is Phase 1? ‘Authentication' or ‘Phase 1' window will concern settings for Authentication Phase or Phase 1.It is also called IKE Negotiation Phase. Phase 1's purpose is to negotiate IKE policy sets, authenticate the peers, and set up a secure channel between the peers. As part of Phase 1, each end system must identify and authenticate itself to the other. Interface Network interface IP address of the computer, through which VPN connection is established. Remote Gateway IP address or DNS address of the remote gateway (in our example: gateway. domain. com). This field is necessary. Pre-shared key Password or shared key with the remote gateway. IKE Encryption algorithm used during Authentication phase (DES, 3DES, AES, AES128, AES192, AES256).Authentication algorithm used during Authentication phase (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256). Key group is key length. Phase1 Advanced Settings Description Config-Mode If it is checked, the VPN Client will activate Config-M ode for this tunnel. Config- Mode allows VPN Client to fetch some VPN Configuration information from the VPN gateway. If Config-Mode is enabled, and provided that the remote Gateway supports, the following Parameters will be negotiated between the VPN Client and the remote Gateway during the IKE exchanges (Phase 1): Virtual IP address of the VPN Client DNS server address (optional)WINS server address (optional) Aggressive Mode If checked, the VPN Client will used aggressive mode as negotiation mode with the remote gateway. IPSec Configuration or Phase 2 What is Phase 2? ‘IPSec Configuration' or ‘Phase 2' window will concern settings for Phase 2. The purpose of Phase 2 is to negotiate the IPSec security parameters that are applied to the traffic going through tunnels negotiate during Phase 1. Phase 2 Settings Description VPN Client address Virtual IP address used by the VPN Client inside the remote LAN: The computer will appear in the LAN with this IP address.It is import ant this IP address should not belong to the remote LAN (e. g. , in the example, you should avoid an IP address like 192. 168. 1. 10). Address type The remote endpoint may be a LAN or a single computer, In case the remote endpoint is a LAN, choose â€Å"Subnet address† or â€Å"IP Range†. When choosing â€Å"Subnet address†, the two fields â€Å"Remote LAN address† and â€Å"Subnet mask† become available. When choosing â€Å"IP Range†, the two fields â€Å"Start address† and â€Å"End address† become available, enabling TheGreenBow IPSec VPN Client to establish a tunnel only within a range of a predefined IP addresses.The range of IP addresses can be one IP address. Incase the remote end point is a single computer, choose â€Å"Single Address†. When choosing â€Å"Single address†, only â€Å"Remote host address† is available. Remote address This field is â€Å"Remote LAN address† depending of the add ress type. It is the remote IP address or LAN network address of the gateway that opens the VPN tunnel. Phase2 Advanced Settings Script configuration Scripts or applications can be enabled for each step of a VPN tunnel opening and closing process: Before tunnel is opened Right after the tunnel is opened Before tunnel closes Right after tunnel is closedRemote Sharing Global Parameters Lifetime (sec. ) Default lifetime for IKE rekeying. Minimal lifetime for IKE rekeying. Maximal lifetime for IKE rekeying. Default lifetime for IPSec rekeying. Maximal lifetime for IPSec rekeying. Minimal lifetime for IPSec rekeying. Dead Peer Detection (DPD) Check interval (sec. ) Interval between DPD messages. Max number of retries Number of DPD messages sent. Delay between retries (sec. ) Interval between DPD messages when no reply from remote gateway. Miscellaneous Retransmissions How many times a message should be retransmitted before giving up. USB Mode Step 1 Step2 Step3 Step4

Van Gogh s Life And Effect Today - 1819 Words

Speech: Van Gogh s Life and Effect today. Specific Purpose Statement: By the end of my speech the audience will be able to list 3 parts of Van Gogh s life and his achievements that affected the future. INTRODUCTION: Attention Getter: Imagine being one of the most well recognized names of the modern world, your name attracts millions, dozens of films and book are created after you. But at the same time imagine your life being filled with depression and rejection for the craft that you are beloved for. Thesis Statement: Although Vincent Van Gogh’s work is recognized around the world, his life was full of depression and rejection from people and the art world, but still he impacted the style of art forever. Credibility Statement: I have†¦show more content†¦He also threw many tantrums and was ill-tempered constantly. Also from this article, it had quotations of what different members of his family had to say about Vincent. His sister Elizabeth claims that Vincent would walk around clumsily consistently in daze with his head held low. C. Van Gogh did not immediately get involved with the art world, but rather he was constantly having to adapt to what his parents expected from him, leading his into distress. 1. According to the Article â€Å"Vincent Van Gogh† by Chris Stolwijk, accessed by the Gale Biography in Context Database, Van Gogh worked very faintly in a french art print dealer business that was introduced to him by his uncle, also named Vincent Van Gogh, who was a partner. There he learned to respect the visual arts. 2. Also from the same text, Vincent lost interest in this business and later went on to study theology and follows his father s expectations. Sadly, he also failed at this endeavour as well. Not until many occupations later did his infamous brother Theo Van Gogh suggest that he would become what he is most known for, an artist. These rejections foreshadowed the future mindset of Van Gogh, constantly rejected and â€Å"failing†, leading to his breakdown. Internal Summary/Preview: Now that we have learned Van Gogh s bring, early life, and multiple endeavours, we can go to his main attribute in his life, his paintings. We will see the repercussions andShow MoreRelatedVincent Van Gogh And His Life868 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty-first (21st) Century, the life of Vincent Van Gogh; has become more of a legend with a substantial figure among painters and western art in the society today. Vincent Van Gogh is said to be a person with persevering characteristics due to all the failures he encountered in his career path from being a â€Å"minister like his father to dealing in arts like his uncle† (Blumer,2002) before becoming the successful painter, we all acknowledge in the world today. 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One of the best ways to look at the changes in society is through the society s culture because people’s work, whether they were scientists, psychologists, philosophers, or artists, show these themes and changes. Some of the major changes seen through these works during modernizationRead MoreSummary Of The Merry Family 1642 Words   |  7 PagesEric Chiaramonte Anna Sparks FAS-202 02/04/2017 Artist s Name: Jan Havicksz Steen Title: The Merry Family Style movement: Baroque Date: 1668 Location: Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam Origin: Leiden, Netherlands Artist s Name: Vincent van Gogh Title: The Potato Eaters Style movement: Postimpressionism Date: 1885 Location: Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam Origin: Nuenen, Netherlands Artist s Name: Jeremie Fischer Title: Is the Family Dinner Overrated? Style movement: Post Modernism Date: 2012 Location:Read More Van Gogh: The Expressionist Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthe painter, and then the painting.quot; - Vincent Van Gogh Expressionism is an art form in which the very style itself and the symbols that the artist uses are meant to express his innermost feelings on the subject. Vincent van Gogh has often been hailed as the quintessential expressionist painter. His artwork covers a range of moods over the years, and his canvases are almost mirrors into his troubled soul. Vincent van Gogh lived a troubled life. He once described his childhood as quot; cold,Read MoreVan Gogh And Warhol : Post Impressionism And Pop Art2267 Words   |  10 PagesBakalli HUA 101 December 9, 2014 Final Van Gogh and Andy Warhol Post-Impressionism and Pop Art There have been different art forms that have come and go over the course of time. Hence I will discuss, two significant movements like Post-impressionism and Pop art. Two important artists from these movements are, Vincent Van Gogh and Andy Warhol. There are many differences and very few similarities between these two movements and artists, although more differences. Van Gogh is one of the most captivating artistsRead MoreIwt1-Task-1 Essay899 Words   |  4 Pagesfor their depiction of modern life. Their subjects were commonplace including landscapes, leisure and recreation in open air or â€Å"en plein air† settings, using quick and spontaneous brushstrokes to depict the fluctuation of light. Their subjects were captured by observation rather than idealization and they sought to capture typical moments in life with no moral message, rather than poses or dramatic scenes. They put special emphasis on and paid attention to the effects of light, atmosphere and movementRead Mo reVan Gogh Art Case Study Essay3190 Words   |  13 PagesVincent Van Gogh was formed by his social, cultural and historical context. This is expressed clearly in the underlying stories of both paintings, Starry Night, 1889 and Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear, 1889. Both of these paintings portray a narrative relating to Van Gogh significantly as he emotionally connects to the subject in each painting. Van Gogh’s aim of these subjective works was to express meaning through colour and express the painting to a more personal emotion for the viewer. Van GoghRead MoreVan Gogh s Starry Night1991 Words   |  8 Pageswith mental illnesses ‘have no choice but to express their lives’; using art as their escape. Which makes me question what was their state of mind and motivation in the creation of some of their famous works, for example Van Gogh’s ‘Starry Night’. The expressive work of Van Gogh and the abstract mark making of De Kooning leads me to ask the question can artists escape their mental illnesses by expressing themselves through their application of paint, colour, shape and mark-making? I am interestedRead MorePost-impressionism and Artists1298 Words   |  6 Pagescentury, most specifically its roots can be traced back the 1874 when a group called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris. (Samu, 2004). The group led several exhibitions through the 1880’s which brought them into the spot light despite criticism from the conventional art community in France. The movement received its name from one of the movements most now most recognized artists Claude Monet and his piece Impression, Sunrise. It is

A Fools Manual to Scolarship Essay Samples Revealed

A Fool's Manual to Scolarship Essay Samples Revealed The Unusual Secret of Scolarship Essay Samples Some say it's an issue of substance, but others point to the format and writing techniques. There aren't any parameters to follow. There is equally as much info to avoid though. There is an assortment of data analysis strategies and methods. It is possible to download one particular paper each day free of charge, or share your own writings and find an unlimited accessibility to the paper base. To start with, you may create a very easy structure to be able to have a framework for the letter. The letter may be general request for information form letter that may be photocopied, but you need to be specific regarding the name of the scholarship you're inquiring about on the envelope. Every cover letter for a grant includes the analysis of private experience or relation to a specific issue. It's much better to use your own words and see to the subject employing a very clear and concise language. Remember there are some instructions that ask you to use a specific structure or format. The total format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely be based on the instructions offered to you. A good example is offered below. Finding the Best Scolarship Essay Samples The main reason why it's necessary for you to make sure you will make an extensive and in depth scholarship essay is because of the benefits it can provide to your scholarship application. A sample is offered below for the better comprehension of students. The ending of your scholarship application essay has become the most significant part the piece. There's nobody way to compose a winning scholarship application. Continue reading to find eight steps to help you compose a better scholarship essay so you can find the money you must fund your international education. Instead, mention the way your education can assist your career. If you're asking for a scholarship, odds are you're likely to should compose an essay. For instance, if you're asking for a general academic scholarship, you may want to chat about a particular class you took that really piqued your interest or inspired your present academic and career objectives. The Battle Over Scolarship Essay Samples and How to Win It Have another individual preferably a person who knows the difference look over your essay as soon as you've finished. If it is a typical concept, concentrate on attempting to say it better than anyone else. It is a lot easier to compose an essay having a plan and comprehension of what and where you're referring to. For quite a few, telling a story is the simplest and best approach to compose a scholarship essay. As always, the toughest issue is just to start. You've survived the procedure so far, but medical school is just one of the most essential measures to becoming a health care provider. Show the reader you know who you are and your past and present experiences are valuable and will earn a positive influence on the future. You may talk about your past, present and future in a thorough method. There's no ideal recipe for writing an essay, but there are a few ingredients that it is possible to add to make it even more appealing. Being part of a fantastic educational institution can be very costly. There are various ways to begin an essay and all you have to do is to use one that can give the most positive impact to the men and women who will review your scholarship essay. Becoming conscious of common essay mistakes and the way to repair them can help you make an impressive scholarship essay. Amongst assorted types of essays, a scholarship essay steps from the crowd. It is a pretty brief piece of writing. Writing a scholarship essay can be quite difficult especially if you'd like to do it well. The scholarship example essay is significantly needed in giving you the correct format to earn a scholarship essay. An essay outline can help you organize the total structure of your essay. The very first sentence of an essay has to be award-winning. Your next paragraph should contain supporting details that could further talk about the topic you've presented on the very first paragraph. Don't forget your introduction, the very first paragraph of an essay, needs to be short and catchy.

Why Baseball Is the Most Difficult Sport Essay examples

Out of all the vast variety of sports there are, baseball is the most challenging and difficult sport to play. No other sport compares to the degree of difficulty that you have to deal with, like you do in playing the game of baseball. There are so many different elements that make this game the most difficult. Three major elements stick out in my mind as to why this wonderful sport is the toughest of all. The three main factors in my mind are the increased physical and hand eye coordination component, the mental aspect of this game, and the human interdependence between umpires, which are a vital part in every play. To play the game of baseball you have to be in great physical shape. You also need to have an exceptional amount of†¦show more content†¦In the game of baseball more than any other sport, you really have to focus and think about what you’re doing on every single play. Of course there are parts of the game that become somewhat natural, but baseball is a game of fundamentals. You have to always be on top of your game and one step ahead of the curve, no pun intended. Every play contains different situations, which call for you to do an assortment of different things. You have to be thinking of what it is you’re going to do if the ball is hit to you, and what you do if hit to any of the other eight of your teammates on the field. Have you ever felt on top of your game, but for some odd reason you just couldn’t focus and preform at the best ability that you know you’re capable of? That’s what happens many times in baseball. You really have to focus and know what you’re doing wrong, and what adjustments to make to fix it. More than all other sports one little odd or unusual thing you start doing or change in your mechanics has a huge effect on the amount of production and performance out on that diamond. While hitting, throwing, or catching the ball, the simple extra movement or step you’re taking can cause a hundredth of a second difference in your throw, swing, or pitch, but this game is a game of seconds and that slight movement is the difference between a homerun or a ground ball, an amazing play in the field and an error, a strikeout or a ballShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Baseball And Softball1045 Words   |  5 PagesDifficulty of Baseball vs. Softball What sport do you think is harder baseball or softball? The reasons baseball is a harder sport is because of the tempo, the strength of players, and the size of the field that the players play on. The innings in baseball are played at a very fast pace, but the game is also two innings longer. The athletes that play baseball are also much stronger and faster. Lastly, in the sport of baseball, the average field size is 400 feet, and the average field in softballRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Baseball And Softball784 Words   |  4 PagesBaseball and softball are both competitive sports that have been around for many years. Baseball was invented in 1839 and softball followed in 1887. While both sports are similar, the differences over ride the battle. People see the difference between softball and baseball when both sports comes down to mechanics and visual things, but what they do not see is the difference in the players emotions. In these sports, both runners can steal bases and are allowed to run on the dropped third strikeRead MoreBaseball : The Origin Of Baseball Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Origin Of Baseball With upwards of ten million people participating in the sport of baseball in the United States alone, it is apparent that baseball is one of the world’s most popular sports. Throughout the years, the sport of baseball has evolved from a humble game played on empty sandlots to â€Å"America’s national pastime.† The game has come a long way, but how did this game come to be? Everything has its humble beginnings, and baseball is no different. Games that resemble baseball have been aroundRead MoreBaseball Is A Sport Of Baseball888 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"There are only two seasons, winter and baseball† (Veeck). For most people, baseball is a way of life, not just a sport they play or watch. The history of baseball goes all the way back to the 1800s, and is a sport played in many countries around the world. Baseball is one of America’s most popular sports, and it would not be called America’s Pastime if it wasn’t. The rules of baseba ll might be simple to grasp, but the game in itself is very difficult. Baseball has history that cannot be forgottenRead MoreHow Jackie Robinson Changed Baseball. 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In golf you don’t get to choose one part of the game to be good at like in football baseball and hockey, you have to be grea t at every aspect of the game if you want to win. InRead MoreBasketball: The Most Difficult Sport844 Words   |  3 PagesBasketball is the Most Difficult Sport Introduction For anyone who watched the mens tennis final at the Australian Open (January 29, 2012), there is no doubt that Novak Djokovic and Rafael Nadal are extraordinary athletes with stamina and skills that are amazing. The match went 5 hours and 53 seconds and both men were drained physically and emotionally at the end when Djokovic emerged victorious. But is tennis the most difficult sport? The answer is probably not. Some would say boxing or footballRead MoreBalance : A Two Way Street846 Words   |  4 PagesStreet Ever since I was a small adolescent, I have been surrounded by sports and competition and I believe it has shaped me into who I am today. Growing up, my mom always made me focus on my academics while my dad made me focus on sports, which led to conflict between my parents deciding what aspect of life was more important. Trying to balance both academics and sports and trying to please both of my parents was very difficult, but I managed it pretty well until my junior year in high school, whereRead MoreEssay on A Brief History of America’s National Pastime1708 Words   |  7 Pagestwo games to none on the Chicago Cubs. In the fifth inning, with the score tied four-four, many of the nearly 50,000 fans, and even players in the Chicago dugout, began taunting and heckling the batter. What happened next went down in baseball history as one of the most famous and controversial at-bats. The batter was none other than Babe Ruth, who, with two strikes and two balls, stepped out of the batters box and gestured toward the outfield as if to show where he was going to hit the ball. 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People Management Successful Management Approach

Question: Describe about the People Management for Successful Management Approach. Answer: Introduction In the organizational and the people management there are various issues which arise and acts as the barricades in the successful management approach. To resolve these issues and to have an effective people management process in the organization there is a need to consider these issues with a significant approach. In this assignment there has been taken a case scenario of Inexorable Finance Company which is established in one of the major cities of Australia. The main managerial issue of the company has been discussed in the assignment. The various associated managerial dilemmas have also been given significance which is associated with the managerial issue of the company. The purpose of this assignment is to have an understanding of the issues and dilemmas of any managerial decision making and the personal understanding from that case scenario and thus applying those aspects in the individual self management and decision making. [1]The assignment also highlights the importance of kn owledge management of the people in an organization as they are the key asset and the most significant resource of the company. The report throws light over the need of ethical and practical approach in any decision making that how it impacts the performance of the organization and the employees. There also has been provided a personal reflection which states the personal analysis about the case scenario and the other various elements. Managerial Issue The case scenario which is analyzed and evaluated here is the Organization in need of change, here the organization named, Inexorable Finance, which is Company is situated in one of the major cities of Australia. It is medium sized business organization. The case here is that the company was successfully working earner but in past few time period it has been found that the company is facing a continuous decline in its profits and returns. And this is the managerial issue which is needed to be handled by the company. To once again increase the returns of the company, the organization has adopted a new CEO i.e. Mary Millicent. With the unique style of working and the appropriate knowledge management Mary tried to resolve the managerial issue with the implementation of effective change management in the organization. The one more managerial issue was the resistance towards change. To have efficient returns there was a need of change but there were number of people who do have a supporti ve hand towards this change management and thus there created a managerial issue of resistance towards change.[2] One of the main elements was to handle this resistance and try to manage the needs of the employee so that there can be a healthy environment at the workplace. Resistance towards change is a primary issue as the employees are not ready to involve and engage in the change management process and thus there is no way to have an organizational development by keeping aside the most significant part of an organization i.e., the employees. So to maintain a balance in the organization there was a need to resolve both the managerial issues i.e. the decline in the profits of the organization and the resistance towards change by the employees. Ethical and Practical nature of Decision making (sielearning, 2009) In every decision making, there is a requirement that the higher authorities which take decisions have a practical and ethical approach while taking those decisions. To have a practical and ethical approach in a decision making there are few steps which are required to be followed by the mangers or the higher authorities which are accountable for taking decisions.[3] The first step in decision making is to identify the problem or the issue which is required to be resolved, secondly there must be some of code of conducts and ethical guidelines which are required to applied in the decisions, the next step is to make the decision as per the guidelines, next step is to make the decision based upon the duty of care which means that the decision should be according the responsibility and accountability held responsible to the manager.[4] After that there must be a session of brainstorming through which the various different courses of action must be analyzed. The very next step is to compa re and analyze all the possible outcomes and consequences of the different course of actions and out of that the course of action which is offering the most positive outcomes must be selected. After that there should be appropriate evaluation of the selected course of action in terms of time taken, outcomes, impacts and other various elements.[5] The last step in the ethical and practical decision making is to successfully implement the chosen course of action. The implementation should be followed by the necessary control techniques so that any deviation in the outcomes can be judged and redesigned as per the needs of the organizational goals and the employees.[6] Every individual or every organization member has several needs and requirements which are required to be considered and accomplished at the time of taking decisions. The involvement of the employees in the decision making and the consideration of their needs lasts a significant impact over the performance and morale of the employees and thus it exercises a direct impact over the organizational performance. [7]A manger is required to have a practical approach which means that the decision must be beneficial for all, must not discriminate people in context with their position in the organization, must have in good faith for the organization and for the employees as well it should also benefit the environment and the society. Then it is called as an ethical and practical decision making. Instead of just snowballing the profits and revenues of the organization the manger must focus and emphasis over the individual and organizational development from all the perspectives. [8] Managerial Dilemma There are various managerial dilemmas which are associated with this case scenario or the change management decision such as with the appointment of Mary as the new CEO there were senior executives who were not happy with her appointment and do not want that replacement. There were issues regarding them that they both were positioned without any sort of interviewed just because of the authority of the earlier CEO they were get placed. Secondly one of the senior executive George was seems to be very much critical regarding the ideas presented by Mary related to the organizational future and growth. As well as Eoin, the senior executive was also seems to be uninterested and tensed while any sort of discussion. There were other dilemmas also such as the maximum of the people were satisfied with the present scenario and the existing direction. They do not require any kind of change management and thus this created resistance towards change. There were dilemmas related to the huge difference sin the culture at the workplace. The dominant culture found to be comfortable with the existing direction and they were majorly quiet in this discussion. The engagement and involvement of the employees was also very limited and this was a major concern for the new CEO and the organization. The one more dilemma was the fear towards the change felt by the employees. All these dilemmas were an open challenge for the new CEO and the organization as there was a need to have higher profits and growth but simultaneously considering the individual needs of the employees as well. Reflection In my views it has been analyzed that there exists several managerial issues and associated managerial dilemmas with the decision making. As the new CEO wants to have a change management in the organization but there is not complete engagement and support of the employees in this decision. So to implement this decision without listening and considering the needs of the individuals is unethical approach towards resolving the issues, so to shave a better decision making which can benefit both the organization and the employees there must be a knowledge management approach required to be followed in the organization according to which there will be communication and transferring of the information related to the individual needs of the employees so that the highest authorities can make the change management plan as per those needs and requirements. In my opinion the employees are the key assets of an organization and if the organization wants to achieve development and higher profits, i t is required to maintain a balance among the organizational requirements and individual needs rather than just focusing over the growth and success of the company. In this scenario also the employees who are comfortable with the existing direction and do not require any sort of change in the organization must be involve in an open communication that what all fears and issues they are thinking that might occur with this change management and facilitated assurance and proper resolution strategies must be provided to them so that they can be influenced to engage on the change management program and sideline their resistance and became a part of change management process. The most difficult work in present scenario is to influence and facilitate the employee and to change their notion regarding any issue and mostly the change management plan. The misconception with the change management program is that it will employ new staff, the position and the job of the existing employees will be in danger, there will be less control over the organization, there will be incorporation of the new technology and equipments and it will make the working processes difficult for the employees. All these fears develop a resistance towards the change. So to have effective implementation of the change plan the new CEO must have a one-to-one approach towards understanding the needs of the employees and must take necessary steps to have a better understanding of the need of change management plan within the organization to the employees. Every decision making requires the backhand support of the employees for the organizational members to give positive outcomes. And thus every manager and every organization must have an ethical approach in the decision making process. The conclusion drawn from the scenario is that the new CEO Mary Millicent must keep a practical approach and ethical attitude towards the change management by accomplishing the needs of the organizational members and inte grating a balanced approach in combining the organizational goals with the individual needs. There is a requirement that the organizational people should also co-operate with the CEO in comprehending the need of change management plan by considering g the declined profits and cultural differences. This understanding will give a positive outlook towards the implementation of the need of change in the organization. Knowledge of people management For the purpose of optimizing performances, encouraging innovation and increasing the intellectual capital the organizations are widely taking use of the knowledge management.[9] The potential implementation of the knowledge management is highly depends upon the collaborative aspect of the social fabrics of the organization. In the present scenario where the ambiguity and the complexity of the organizations are rapidly up surging, there has been taken use of the knowledge management approach so that there can be successful enterprise performance. [10]The main focus of an organization as per the knowledge management approach is on the people rather than the processes or tools. If analyzed from the functional perspective it can be observed that in any organization where there is an approach of knowledge management the knowledge workers are the one which generate the wisdom, knowledge, information, data and objects.[11] Knowledge management is basically for three major elements i.e. technology, people and processes. These three elements share a reciprocal relationship with each other. Here the main focus is emphasized over the knowledge management of the people. If any organization needs to have a future sustainability and growth it must put its entire focus and efforts to develop its people as they are the key sources of success. These are that asset which produces highest revenue and also helps in generating profits from various other materialistic things and assets.[12] Knowledge of people management offer several benefits such as it helps in rapid and better decision making, helps in finding the relevant resources and information, supports in eliminating chances of occurrence of mistakes, supports in taking use of the experience and expertise present in the organization and helps the organization to grow and develop rapidly.[13] And thus the central focus should always the development of the people of an organization rather than just investing over the processes or tools. There are several principles of knowledge management such as it is a valuable asset. It is retained, sustained, quality controlled, decentralized, social, accessible, secured, searchable, and improved, measure and is kept in a central repository.[14] These principles are the regulating authority of the knowledge management of people. The theories and strategies of knowledge management involve the intellectual asset management strategy, individual knowledge asset responsibility strategy, knowledge creation strategy and knowledge transfer strategy.[15] These strategies focuses on the effective creation of the potent knowledge, in what significant manner the knowledge must be transfer from one person to another and the effective management of the people and the knowledge. Critical thinking In this assignment, as per the case scenario where there is a need of change in the organization the most relevant practices and theories which will work are the theory of knowledge transfer strategy and asset management strategy. With the help of these theories or strategies the scenario can give a better picture as in the case scenario it is found that there is a strong need of organizational change so that the declining profits can be evaluate and redefined. The major steps taken are the change in culture so that there can be which highly focuses over introduction of new policies, approaches and incorporation of innovations in the organization. The practices of knowledge management can be utilized here to improve the organizational performance as if there is a need of organizational change their sustains a major issue that is resistance towards the change and to handle and overcome this challenge the major strategy will be beneficial is the knowledge transfer practice. With the he lp of this theory there will be effective communication between the managers or the higher authorities and the employees. The information will be shared or transferred to the employees that why the new CEO wants to have a change management. Without the effectively distribution of knowledge and communication the employees will keep on having a resistance towards the change. So to manage this issue the organization give a serious consideration over the effective knowledge management strategies so that there can be successful implementation of the change management and once again the company can have higher profits and a string brand image in the markets and in the eyes of the customers. In this complex situation the organization can apply these theories by utilizing a direct approach to handle the issues and grievances of the employees that why they are resisted towards that change and by solving those issues through the relevant strategies and practices the company can have a better working and higher returns. Self management From the insights and knowledge gained from the unit it has been realized and learned that there are various key aspects which can be helpful in the personal decision making such as at the time of decision making the decision maker must analyze the situation first that what is the actual need of that situation and the decision should always be made on the basis of that analysis. For the effective self management and the decision making it is also been learned that there is a need that every decision must have an ethical and practical base. There should be no unethical grounds in the basis of which the decision was taken. In the own managerial practice one can involve learning like there must be adequate and effective approach towards knowledge management of people as they are the key asset of any organization. There involvement is a must. Other key aspects are managerial practice are understanding of the managerial issue, associated managerial dilemmas, individual needs, organization al goals and the aim of the decision making. Conclusion From this assignment it can be concluded that every organization has some or the other managerial issue which impacts the effective management of the people. To have a better organizational performance there is a need that the focus should be given over the development of the people and enhancing knowledge management of people. There is an extreme to consider the employees needs and aims for achieving the organizational goals. As well as to resolve the managerial issue there must be consideration towards the dilemmas regarding the managerial issues. If they will be encountered and resolve efficiently it will give a significant solution to the managerial issue. The people management is presently one of the major factors which impacts the success and development of the organization and which enhances the future sustainability of the company. From this assignment there has been analyzed various key aspects and learning which are very much beneficial for the self management of oneself an d also the critical thinking is one of the major approach in understanding the whole case scenario and to evaluate the positive and negative implications of the decision making. It is also been concluded that every decision making must have an ethical and practical approach so that the employees can feel that there has been no discrimination on the basis of various things while making the decisions.[16] Bibliography Smith, W.K., 2014. Dynamic decision making: A model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), pp.1592-1623. Burke, W.W., 2013.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Iphofen, R., 2016.Ethical decision making in social research: A practical guide. Springer. May, D.R., Li, C., Mencl, J. and Huang, C.C., 2014. The ethics of meaningful work: Types and magnitude of job-related harm and the ethical decision-making process.Journal of Business Ethics,121(4), pp.651-669. Thiel, C.E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J.F. and Mumford, M.D., 2012. Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.49-64. Sims, R.R. and Sauser, W.I., 2013. Toward a better understanding of the relationships among received wisdom, groupthink, and organizational ethical culture.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,14(4), p.75. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D. and Seijts, G., 2013. In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), pp.567-581. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Wiig, K., 2012.People-focused knowledge management. Routledge. Smith, P.A.C., 2004. Knowledge Management: People Are Important! Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, Retrieved on: 7th October, 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.tlainc.com/articl60.htm Borghoff, U.M. and Pareschi, R. eds., 2013.Information technology for knowledge management. Springer Science Business Media Edwards, J., 2011. A Process View of Knowledge Management: It Aint What you do, its the way That you do it The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management Volume 9 Issue 4 (pp297-306), available online at ejkm.com Geisler, E. and Wickramasinghe, N., 2015.Principles of knowledge management: Theory, practice, and cases. Routledge. Campbell, J.D. and Reyes-Picknell, J.V., 2015.Uptime: Strategies for excellence in maintenance management. CRC Press. Shannak, R., Masadeh, R., Al-Zubi, Z., Obeidat, B., Alshurideh, M. and Altamony, H., 2012. A theoretical perspective on the relationship between knowledge management systems, customer knowledge management, and firm competitive advantage.European Journal of Social Sciences,32(4), pp.520-532. Ghalamkari, B., Mahmoodzadeh, N., Barati, N., Isah-Chikaji, A., Alkali, A.U. and Anvari, R., 2015. The Role of HR Managers: A Conceptual Framework.Asian Social Science,11(9), p.118.

The Republic Of Plato Essays - Socratic Dialogues,

The Republic Of Plato In my opinion, Socrates analysis of human nature is very true as it ultimately brings us his definition of justice. I agree with his theory of human nature but not his social-political theory. In order to understand Platos theory of human nature and his social-political theory, we must examine each one of them closely. Plato believed that no one is self-sufficient enough to live individually. Human beings are not created equally; some of us are born wiser then the rest and some of us are just born stronger. Which I find to be very contradicting since argues that men and women should be educated the same. For this reason, only the select few (which would be the guardians) among society are supposed to know what is best for the society and therefore becomes the ruler of everyone else. Our reasoning, spirit, and natural wants are all part of human nature. In book 1 of The Republic, Plato had several detailed discussions on the nature of justice with other speakers in a dialogue form. From the rich old man, Cephalus, we learn that justice involves telling the truth and repaying ones debts. However, Socrates points out that this definition of justice is inadequate because it cannot account for the instances of certain circumstances. The simple example of returning a borrowed weapon to an insane friend who demands the return of his weapon, would be an instance of following the rule but would not seem to be just. Then Polemarchus, Cephaluss son attempts to define justice by proposing that justice means one should pay what is owed. Not returning or refusing to return the borrowed weapon would clearly benefit ones friend. Socrates said that harming our enemies is only likely to make them even more unjust than they already are and cause them to make more unjust choices. After that, Thrasymachus came up with his own definition of justice whic h is nothing more than the advantage of the stronger; those in positions of power use law to decide what is right. The kind of justice practiced anywhere depends on the type of government they have in power. Socrates does not disagree with this view if the facts about the society are as Thrasymachus says they are, however, he argues that sometimes rulers make mistakes. In that case obedience to the law maybe leads to its own disadvantage, therefore Thrasymachuss definition is also inadequate. Furthermore, Socrates says that the best ruler must always know how to rule. They should rule for the art of ruling, but not their own interest alone. Later, Glaucon suggests that human beings, given an opportunity to do injustice without being caught and therefore without suffering any punishment or loss of good reputation, would naturally choose a life of injustice, in order to maximize their own interests. Glaucons definition of justice is that its an equal contract, an approach between what is the best (doing injustice without paying the penalty) and the worse (suffering injustice without being able to avenge one self). Adieamantus narrows the discussion further by pointing out that to have a good reputation of justice is more important than justice is itself, whether or not that person really does have a good reputation of justice. In an attempt to provide an adequate, satisfying definition of justice, Socrates tries to make an analogy between the justice of individual human bei ngs and of an entire society or city. Since the crucial elements of justice may be easier to observe on the larger scale like a city than on a smaller scale like an individual. Socrates focuses on the perfect city, because the city will represent the human soul. Socrates began with a detailed analysis of the formation, structure, and organization of this ideal city. He argues that since individual human beings are not self-sufficient; no one working alone can acquire all of the necessities of life by themselves. In order to resolve this difficulty, we gather together into society for the mutual achievement of our common goals. If each of us specializes in the practice of a specific art, we can work more efficiently. To make this ideal city healthy (opposite of a feverish city), Socrates states